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1、MovieMusic电影插曲Accustomedthoughwearetospeakingofthefilmsmadebefore1927as“silent”,thefilmhasneverbeen,inthefullsenseoftheword,silent.Fromtheverybeginning,musicwasregardedasanindispensableaccompaniment;whentheLumierefilmswereshownatthefirstpublicfilmexhibitionintheUnitedStatesinFebruary1896,theywer
2、eaccompaniedbypianoimprovisationsonpopulartunes.Atfirst,themusicplayedborenospecialrelationshiptothefilms;anaccompanimentofanykindwassufficient.Withinaveryshorttime,however,theincongruityofplayinglivelymusictoasolemnfilmbecameapparent,andfilmpianistsbegantotakesomecareinmatchingtheirpiecestothem
3、oodofthefilm.Asmovietheatersgrewinnumberandimportance,aviolinist,andperhapsacellist,wouldbeaddedtothepianistincertaincases,andinthelargermovietheaterssmallorchestraswereformed.Foranumberofyearstheselectionofmusicforeachfilmprogramrestedentirelyinthehandsoftheconductororleaderoftheorchestra,andve
4、ryoftentheprincipalqualificationforholdingsuchapositionwasnotskillortastesomuchastheownershipofalargepersonallibraryofmusicalpieces.Sincetheconductorseldomsawthefilmsuntilthenightbeforetheyweretobeshown(ifindeed,theconductorwasluckyenoughtoseethemthen),themusicalarrangementwasnormallyimprovisedi
5、nthegreatesthurry.Tohelpmeetthisdifficulty,filmdistributingcompaniesstartedthepracticeofpublishingsuggestionsformusicalaccompaniments.In1909,forexample,theEdisonCompanybeganissuingwiththeirfilmssuchindicationsofmoodas“pleasant”,“sad”,“lively”.Thesuggestionsbecamemoreexplicit,andsoemergedthemusic
6、alcuesheetcontainingindicationsofmood,thetitlesofsuitablepiecesofmusic,andprecisedirectionstoshowwhereonepieceledintothenext.Certainfilmshadmusicespeciallycomposedforthem.ThemostfamousoftheseearlyspecialscoreswasthatcomposedandarrangedforD.WGriffith’sfilmBirthofaNation,whichwasreleasedin1915.