innovation management and the knowledge-driven economy

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1、INNOVATIONMANAGEMENTANDTHEKNOWLEDGE-DRIVENECONOMYJanuary20041EuropeanCommissionDirectorate-generalforEnterpriseInnovationManagementandtheKnowledge-DrivenEconomyLegalnoticeNeithertheEuropeanCommission,noranypersonactingonbehalfoftheCommission,isresponsibleforanyusewhichmightbemadeofthein

2、formationinthisreport.TheviewsexpressedinthisreportarethoseoftheauthorsanddonotnecessarilyreflectthepoliciesoftheEuropeanCommission.©ECSC-EC-EAECBrussels-Luxembourg,2004INNOVATIONMANAGEMENTANDTHEKNOWLEDGE-DRIVENECONOMYJanuary20044ExecutiveSummaryExecutiveSummaryKnowledgeisconsideredasan

3、economicdriverintoday’seconomy,ithasbe-comeacommoditythatcanbepacked,boughtandsold.Thisevolutionhasbeenenhancedbybythedevelopmentofinformationandcommunicationtech-nologies(ICTs)thathavereducedthecostofgatheringanddisseminatingknowl-edge.Thecontributionofknowledgetoinnovationhasbeenachie

4、vedmostnotablybyreducingtransactioncostsbetweencompaniesandotheractors,especiallyinareassuchasinformationsearchandbuying.Aknowledge-basedeconomyisdefinedasaneconomydirectlybasedontheproduction,distributionanduseofknowledge.Insucheconomiesthereisahighdegreeofconnectivitybetweentheagentsi

5、nvolved,andknowledgeiswidelyusedandexploitedinallmannerofeconomicactivity.Wehavenowprogressedfromtheknowledge-basedeconomytotheknowledge-driveneconomy,emphasisingthefactthatthecurrentcontributionofknowledgeisverymuchasthedynamoofoureconomy.Theknowledge-driveneconomybringsnewchallengesfo

6、rbusiness.Marketsarebecomingmoreglobalwithnewcompetitors,productlifecyclesareshorten-ing,customersaremoredemandingandthecomplexityoftechnologyisin-creasing.Sowhiletheknowledgeeconomyrepresentsnewopportunities,certainactionsareneededtosupportandtakeadvantageofthesedevelopments.Theimporta

7、nceofinnovationTheknowledge-driveneconomyaffectstheinnovationprocessandtheapproachtoinnovation.Thetraditionalideathatinnovationisbaseduponresearch(tech-nology-pushtheory)andinteractionbetweenfirmsandotheractorsisreplacedbythecurrentsocialnetworktheoryofinnovation,whereknowledge