2021年6月英语六级试卷及答案合集（第1、2、3套）

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ꢀ*�ꢁiꢂꢃꢄꢅꢆꢇU!<�).2021�6PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaybasedonthegraphꢀlow.YoushouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthegraphandcommentonChina'sachievementsinurbanization.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.DegreeofurbanizationinChinafrom1980to201970%60%.J50%ꢀ40%1J30%ꢀ0%ꢀ980ꢀ985ꢀ9ꢁꢀ9952ꢂ2ꢃ5ꢄꢀ020ꢀꢀ20ꢀ220ꢀ320ꢀ420ꢀ5ꢄꢀ620ꢀ720ꢀ820ꢀ9PartꢀListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestꢁnswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A)Heisgoingtoleavehispresentjob.B)Heisgoingtoattendajobinterview.C)Hewillmeethisnewmanagerintwoweeks.D)Hewilltellthemanagementhowhereallyfeels.2.A)Itshouldbecarefullyanalyzed.B)Itshouldbekeptprivate.C)Itcanbequiteusefultoseniormanagers.D)Itcanimproveinterviewees'jobprospects.3.A)Itmaydoharmtohisfellowemployees.B)Itmaydispleasehisimmediate.superiors.C)Itmayadverselyaffecthisfuturecareerprospects.D)Itmayleaveanegativeimpressionontheinterviewer./\�2021�6A1

14.A)Pourouthisfrustrationsonarate-your-employerwebsite.B)Networkwithhisclosefriendstofindabetteremployer.C)Dosomepracticefortheexitinterview.D)Prepareacomprehensiveexitreport.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.A)Hercareerasabotanist.C)Hermonth-longexpedition.B)Herlatestdocumentary.D)Herunsuccessfuljourney.C)Shesufferedfromwatershortage.D)Shehadtoenduremanyhardships.C)Afloodwasapproaching.D)Ahurricanewascoming.C)Itwasfruitful.6.A)Shewascaughtinahurricane.B)Shehadtolivelikeavegetarian.7.A)Theycouldnolongerbearthehumidity.B)Theyhadnomorefoodinthecanoe.8.A)Itwasmemorable.B)Itwasunbearable.D)Itwasuneventful.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestAannsswweerrSfrhoemet1thefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteronwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A)Itensurestheaccuracyoftheirarguments.B)Itdiminisheslaymen'sinterestinscience.10.A)Theywillseethecomplexityofscience.B)Theyfeelgreatrespecttowardsscientists.11.A)Explainallthejargonterms.C)Ithurtslaymen'sdignityandself-esteem.D)Itmakestheirexpressionsmoreexplicit.C)Theytendtodisbelievetheactualscience.D)eycanlearntocommunicatewithscientists.C)Findappropriatetopics.B)Doawaywithjargonterms.D)Stimulatetheirinterest.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.12.A)Therewereoildepositsbelowalocalgassyhill.B)Theeruptinggasmightendangerlocalchildren.C)TherewasoiHeakage-alongtheGulfCoast.D)Thelocalgassyhillmightstartahugefire.13.A)Themassivegasunderground.C)Theirlackofsuitabletools.B)Theirlackoftheneededskill.D)Thesandunderthehill.14.A)Itwasnotaseffectiveasheclaimed.B)Itrenderedmanyoilworkersjobless.C)Itgavebirthtotheoildrillingindustry.D)Itwasnotpopularizeduntilyearslater.15.A)Itruinedthestate'scottonandbeefindustries.C)Itresultedinanoilsurplusallovertheworld.B)Ittotallydestroyedthestate'srurallandscape.D)Itradicallytransformedthestate'seconomy.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosetAhensbweesrtSanhseweter1fwroitmhtahseinfogulerlcihneoitchersomugahrktehdeAce)n,trBe.),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronQuestions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.A)Insufficientmotivation.B)Toughregulations.C)Unsuitablejobs.D)Badmanagers.17.A)Ineffectivetraining.B)Toxiccompanyculture.C)Overburdeningofmanagers.D)Lackofregularevaluation.ꢀ�20216ꢀ2

218.A)Itwasbasedonlyontheperspectiveofemployees.B)IIttprovidedmeaningfulcluestosolvingtheproblem.C)wasconductedfromfrontlinemanagers'pointofview.D)Itcollectedfeedbackfrombothemployersandemployees.Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.19.A)IIttisexpandingatanacceleratingspeed.B)Itisbringingprosperitytotheregion.20.A)Itcreatesalotofnewjobs.C)IIttisyieldinganunprecedentedprofit.D)isseeinganautomationrevolution.B)Itexhaustsresꢀꢁrcessooner.C)Itcausesconflictsbetweenemployersandemployees.D)callsfortheretrainingofunskilledminingworkers.21.A)Theywillwaittoseeitseffect.B)Theywelcomeitwithopenarms.C)Theyacceptitwithreservations.D)Theyarestronglyopposedtoit.Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.22.A)Theyhaveexperiencedagradualdeclinesincetheyearof2017.B)Theirannualdeathrateisabouttwicethatoftheglobalaverage.C)Theykillmorepeoplethananyinfectiousdisease.D)Theircosttothenation'seconomyisincalculable.23.A)Theyarenotasreliableasclaimed.B)Theyriseandfallfromyeartoyear.C)Theydon'treflectthechangesinindividualcountries.D)Theyshowadifferencebetweenrichandpoornations.24.A)Manyofthemareinvestingheavilyininfrastructure.B)Manyofthemhaveseenadeclineinroad-deathrates.C)ManyofthemarefollowingtheexamplesetbyThailand.D)Manyofthemhaveincreasingnumbersofcarsontheroad.25.A)Fosterbetterdrivingbehavior.C)Providebettertrainingfordrivers.B)Abolishalloutdatedtrafficrules.D)Imposeheavierpenaltiesonspeeding.PartꢀReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Anewstudyhasdrawnableakpictureofculturalinclusivenessreflectedinthechildren'sliteratureavailableinAustralia.Dr.HelenAdamfromEdithCowanUniversity'sSchoolofEducation26theculturaldiversityofchildren'sbooks.Sheexaminedthebooks27inthekindergartenroomsoffourdayꢂcarecentersinWesternAustralia.Just18percentof2,413booksinthetotalcollectioncontainedany28ofnon�whitepeople.Minoritycultureswereoftenfeaturedinstereotypicalortokenisticways,forexample,by29Asianculturewithchopsticksandtraditionaldress.Charactersthatdidrepresentaminoritycultureusuallyhad30rolesinthebooks.ThemaincharactersweremostlyCaucasian.Thiscausesconcernasitcanleadtoanimpressionthatwhitenessisofgreatervalue.Dr.Adamsaidchildrenformedimpressionsabout'difference'andidentityfromaveryyoungage.Evidencehasshowntheydevelopown-race.31fromasyoungasthreemonthsofage.Thebookswe/\ꢀ20216ꢁ3

3sharewithyoungchildrencanbeavaluableopportunitytodevelopchildren'sunderstandꢃngofthemselvesandothers.Bookscanalsoallowchildrentoseediversity.Theydiscoverbothsimilaritiesanddꢃfferencesbetweenthemselvesandothers.Thiscanhelpdevelopunderstanding,acceptanceand�ofdiversity.CensusdatahasshownAustralianscomefrommorethan200countries.Theyspeakover300languagesathome.Additionally,Australiansbelongtomorethan100differentrelꢃgꢃousgroups.Theyalsoworkinmorethan1,OOOdifferentoccupations."Australiaisamulticulturalsociety.Thecurrentꢀpromotꢃonofwhitemiddle-classideasandlifestylesrisksꢀchildrenfromminorꢃtygroups.Thꢃscangivewhitemiddle-classchildrenasenseof35orprivilege,"Dr.Adaꢂsaid.A)alienatingB)appreciationC)biasD)fraudE)housedF)investigatedG)overwhelmingH)portrayingI)representation·J)safeguardedK)'secondaryL)superiorityM)temperamentN)tentative0)thresholdSectionBDirections:Inthisꢏecꢗion,youareꢀꢁꢂgꢗoreadꢃpꢃꢄꢅꢆꢇwiꢗhtenstꢃtementꢏꢃttaꢉhedtoit.ꢈꢉꢊꢏtatꢇmentcoꢂꢗꢃinꢏinformationꢆiveꢂinoꢂeofꢗhꢇꢋaꢌꢍꢅꢎhꢏꢐꢑꢒꢓntꢔꢗheparꢃgrꢃphfromwhiꢉhꢗheiꢕꢖmꢃꢗioniꢏꢒeꢖived.ꢘumꢃyꢉhooꢏꢇꢃpꢃrꢃgraphmoꢖethaꢂoꢂꢉe.ꢙꢉhꢚꢛꢃꢆꢜhismꢃrkedwiꢗhꢃletter.AnswerthequeꢏtionsbymꢃꢛkingtꢊecorrespondingletꢗeronAnswerSheet2.HowMarconiGaveUstheWirelessWorldA)AhundredyearsbeforeiconꢃcfigureslikeBꢃllGatesandSteveJobspermeatedourlivesꢉanIrishItalianinventorlaidthefoundationofthecommunꢃcationexplosionofthe21stcentury.GuglielmoMarconiwasarguablythefirsttrulyglobalfꢃgureinmoderncommunication.Notonlywashethefirsttocommunicateglobally,hewasthefirsttothinkgloballyaboutcoꢂmunication.Marconimaynothavebeenthegreatestinventorofhꢃstime,butmorethananyoneelse,hebroughtaboutafundamentalshiftꢃnthewaywecommunicate.B)Today'sgloballynetworkedmediaandcoꢁꢂunicatꢃonsystemhasitsoriginsinthe19thcentury,whenꢉforthefirsttime,messagesweresentelectronicallyacrossgreatdistances.Thetelegraphꢉthe-telephone,andradioweretheobviouspredecessorsofthe-Internet,ꢄꢅPꢆꢇꢈꢉand-mobilephones.Whatꢂadethelinkfromthentonowwasthedevelopmentofwirelesscommunꢃcation.Marconiwasthefirsttodevelopandperfectthissystem,usingtherecently-discovered"airwaves"thatmakeuptheelectromagneticspectrum.C)Between1896ꢉwhenheappliedforhisfirstpatentinEnglandattheageof22,andhisdeathinItalyin1937,Marconiwasatthecenterofeverymajorinnovatꢃoninelectroniccommunication.Hewasalsoaskilledandsophꢃsticatedorganꢃzer,anentrepreneurialinnovator,whomasteredtheuseofcorporatestrategy,medꢃarelatꢃonsꢉgovernmentlobbying,ꢃnternationaldꢃplomacy,patents,andprosecution.Marconiwasreallyꢃnterestedinonlyonething:theextensꢃonofmobile,personalꢉlongdistancecommunicationtotheendsoftheearth(andbeyond,ifwecanbelievesomereports).Someliketorefertohimasagenius,butiftherewasanygeniustoMarconiꢃtwasthisvision.D)In1901hesucceededꢃnsignalingacrosstheAtlantic,fromthewestcoastofEnglandtoNewfoundlandintheUSA,despitetheclaꢃꢂsofsciencethatitcouldnotbedone.In1924heconvincedtheBritishgovernmenttoencircletheworldwithachainofwꢃrelessstationsusingthelatesttechnologythathehaddevisedꢉshortwaveradio.TherearesomewhosayMarconilosthisedgewhencommercialbroadcastingcamealong;hedidn'tseethatradiocouldorshouldbeusedtofrivolous(ꢊꢋꢌ)ends.Inoneofhislastpublicspeeches,aradiobroadcasttotheUnitedStatesinMarch1937,hedeploredthatbroadcastinghadbecomeaone-waymeansofcommunꢃcatꢃonandforesawitmovinginanotherꢀ�2021�6ꢀ4

4direction,towardcommunicationasameansofexchange.Thatwasvisionarygenius.E)Marconi'scareerwasdevotedtomakingwirelesscommunicationhappencheaply,efficiently,smoothly,andwithanelegancethatwouldappeartobeintuitiveanduncomplicatedtotheuser-userfriendly,ifyouwill.ThereisadirectconnectionfromMarconitotoday'ssocialmedia,searchengines,andprogramstreamingthatcanbestbesummedupbyanadmittedlyprovocativeexclamation:the20thcenturydidnotexist.Inasense,Marconi'svisionjumpedfromhistimetoourown.F)Marconiinventedtheideaofglobalcommunication-or,morestraightforwardly,globallynetworked,mobile,wirelesscommunication.Initially,thiswaswirelessMorsecodetelegraphy(ꢀ�ꢁBꢂꢃꢄU,theprincipalcommunicationtechnologyofhisday.Marconiwasthefirsttodevelopapracticalmethodforwirelesstelegraphyusingradiowaves.Heborrowedtechnicaldetailsfrommanysources,butwhatsethimapartwasaself-confidentvisionofthepowerofcommunicationtechnologyontheonehand,and,ontheother,ofthestepsthatneededtobetakentoconsolidatehisownpositionasaplayerinthatfield.TracingMarconi'slifelineleadsusintothestoryofmoderncommunicationitself.Therewereotherimportantfigures,butMarconitoweredoverthemallinreach,power,andinfluence,aswellasinthegriphehadonthepopularimaginationofhistime.Marconiwasquitesimplythecentralfigureintheemergenceofamodernunderstandingofcommunication.G)Inhislifetime,Marconiforesawthedevelopmentoftelevisionandthefaxmachine,GPS,radar,andtheportablehand-heldtelephone.Twomonthsbeforehedied,newspaperswerereportingthathewasworkingona"deathray,"andthathehad"killedaratwithanintricatedeviceatadistanceofthreefeet."Bythen,anythingMarconisaidordidwasnewsworthy.Stockpricesroseorsankaccordingtohispronouncements.IfMarconisaidhethoughtitmightrain,therewaslikelytobearunonumbrellas.H)Marconi'sbiographyisalsoastoryaboutchoicesandthemotivationsbehindthem.Atonelevel,Marconicouldbefiercelyautonomousandindependentoftheconstraintsofhisownsocialclass.Onanotherscale,hewasaperpetualoutsider.Whereverhewent,hewasnever"of"thegroup;he.wasalwaysthe"other,"consideredforeigninBritain,BritishinItaly,and"notAmerican"intheUnitedStates.Atthesametime,healsosufferedtremendouslyfromaneedforacceptancethatdrove,andsometimesstained,everyoneofhisrelationships.I)Marconiplacedapermanentstamponthewaywelive.Hewasthefirstpersontoimagineapracticalapplicationforthewirelessspectrum,andtodevelopitsuccessfullyintoaglobalcommunicationsystem-inbothtermsoftheword;thatis,worldwideandall-inclusive.Hewasabletodothisbecauseofacombinationoffactors-mostimportant,timingandopportunity-butthesingle-mindednessanddeterminationwithwhichhecarriedouthisself-imposedmissionwasfundamentallycharacter-based;millionsofMarconi'scontemporarieshadthesameclass,gender,race,andcolonialprivilegeashe,butonlyahandfuldidanythingwithit.Marconineededtoachievethegoalthatwassetinhismindasanadolescent;bythetimehereachedadulthood,heunderstood,intuitively,thatinordertohaveanimpacthehadtobothdevelopanindependenteconomicbaseandalignhimselfwithpoliticalpower.Disciplined,uncriticalloyaltytopoliticalpowerbecamehiscompass.forthechoiceshehadtomake.J)Atthesametime,Marconiwasuncompromisinglyindependentintellectually.ShortlyafterMarconi'sdeath,thenuclearphysicistEnricoFermi-soontobethedeveloperoftheManhattanProject-wrotethatMarconiprovedthattheoryandexperimentationwerecomplementaryfeaturesofprogress."Experiencecanrarely,unlessguidedbyatheoreticalconcept,arriveatresultsofanygreatsignificance...ontheotherhand,anexcessive·trustintheoreticalconvictionwouldhavepreventedMarconifrompersistinginexperimentswhichweredestinedt0bringaboutarevolutioninthetechniqueofradio-communications."Inotherwords,Marconihadtheadvantageofnotbeingburdenedbypreconceivedassumptions.ꢀ�20216ꢁ5

5K)ThemostcontroversialaspectofMarconi'slife-andthereasonwhytherehasbeennosatisfyingbiographyofMarconiuntilnow-washisuncriticalembraceofBenitoMussolini.Atfirstthiswasnotproblematicforhim.Butastheregressive(ꢀꢁꢂ1g)natureofMussolini's·regimebecameclear,hebegantosufferacrisisofconscience.However,afteralifetimeofmovingwithinthecirclesofpower,hewasunabletobreakwithauthority,andservedMussolinifaithfully(aspresidentofItaly'snationalresearchcouncilandroyalacademy,aswellasamemberoftheFascistGrandCouncil)untilthedayhedied-conveniently-in1937,shortlybeforehewouldhavehadtotakeastandintheconflictthatconsumedaworldthathehad,inpart,created.36.Marconiwascentraltoourpresent-dayunderstandingofcommunication.37.Asanadult,Marconihadanintuitionthathehadtobeloyaltopoliticiansinordertobeinfluential.38.Marconidisapprovedoftheuseofwirelesscommunicationforcommercialbroadcasting.39.Marconi'sexampledemonstratesthattheoreticalconceptsandexperimentscomplementeachotherinmakingprogressinscienceandtechnology.40.Marconi'srealinterestlayinthedevelopmentofworldwidewirelesscommunication:41.Marconispenthiswholelifemakingwirelesscommunicationsimpletouse.42.Becauseofhislong-timeconnectionwithpeopleinpower,MarconiwasunabletocuthimselfofffromthefascistregimeinItaly.43.Inhislateryears,Marconiexertedatremendousinfluenceonallaspectsofpeople'slife.44.Whatconnectedthe19thcenturyandourpresenttimewasthedevelopmentofwirelesscommunication.45.Despitehisautonomy,Marconifeltalienatedandsufferedfromalackofacceptance.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.ꢀchpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Humansarefascinatedbythesourceoftheirfailingsandvirtues.Thispreoccupationinevitablyleadstoanolddebate:whethernatureornurturemouldsusmore.Arevolutioningeneticshaspoisedthisasamodernpoliticalquestionaboutthecharacterofoursociety:personalitiesarehard-wiredintoourgenes'whatcangovernmentsdotohelpus?Itfeelsmorallyquestionable,yetclaimsofgeneticselectionbyintelligencearemakingheadlines.Thisisdownto"hereditarian"ꢃꢄꢅ�ꢆꢇꢈ)scienceandarecentpaperclaimed"differencesinexamperformancebetweenpupilsattendingselectiveandnon-selectiveschoolsmirrorthegeneticdifferencesbetweenthem".Withsuchanassertion,theworkwaspredictablygreetedbyalotofabsurdclaimsabout"geneticsdeterminingacademicsuccess".Whattheresearchrevealedwastheratherlesssurprisingresult:theeducationalbenefitsofselectiveschoolslargelydisappearoncepupils'inbornabilityandsocioeconomicbackgroundweretakenintoaccount.Itisaglimpseoftheblindinglyobvious-andthere'snothingtobackstronglyeitherahereditaryorenvironmentalargument.Yetthepaperdoessaychildrenare"unintentionallygeneticallyselected"bytheschoolsystem.Centraltohereditarianscienceisatallclaim:thatidentifiablevariationsingeneticsequencescanpredictanindividual'saptnesstolearn,reasonandsolveproblems.Thisisproblematiconmanylevels.Ateachercouldnotseriouslytellaparenttheirchildhasalowgenetictendencytostudywhenexternalfactorsclearlyexist.Unlike-mindedacademicssaytheinheritabilityofhumantraitsisscientificallyunsound.AtbestthereisaweakstatisticalassociationandnotacausallinkbetweenDNAandintelligence.Yetsophisticatedstatisticsareusedtocreateanintimidatoryatmosphereofscientificcertainty.Whilethere'sanundoubtedgeneticbasistoindividualdifference,itiswrongtothinkthatsocially*�20216ꢀ6

6definedgroupscanbegeneticallyaccountedfor.Thefixationongenesasdestinyissurelyfalsetoo.MedicalpredictabilitycanrarelybebasedonDNAalone;theenvironmentmatterstoo.Somethingascomplexasintellectislikelytobeaffectedbymanyfactorsbeyondgenes.Ifhereditarianswanttoadvancetheircauseitwillrequiremorebalancedinterpretationandnotjustacts.ofadvocacy.Geneticselectionisawayofexertinginfluenceoverothers,"theultimatecollectivecontrolofhumandestinies,"aswriterH.G.Wellsputit.Knowledgebecomespowerandpowerrequiresasenseofresponsibility.Inunderstandingcognitiveability,wemustnotelevatediscriminationtoascience;allowingpeopletoclimbtheladderoflifeonlyasfarastheircellsmightsuggest.Thiswillneedamorescepticaleyeonthescience.Astechnologyprogresses,weallhaveadutytomakesurethatweshapeafuturethatwewouldwanttofindourselvesin.46.Whatdidarecentresearchpaperclaim?A)Thetypeofschoolstudentsattendmakesadifferencetotheirfuture.B)Geneticdifferencesbetweenstudentsarefargreaterthansupposed.C)Theadvantagesofselectiveschoolsaretooobvioustoignore.D)Students'academicperformanceisdeterminedbytheirgenes.47.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftherecentresearch?A)Itsresultwasquestionable.C)Itsinfluencewasrathernegligible.B)Itsimplicationwaspositive.D)Itsconclusionswereenlightening.48.WhatdoestheauthorsayabouttherelationshipbetweenDNAandintelligence?A)Itisoneofscientificcertainty.B)Itisnotoneofcauseandeffect.C)Itissubjecttointerpretationofstatistics.D)Itisnotfullyexaminedbygenescientists.49.Whatdohereditariansneedtodotomaketheirclaimsconvincing?A)Takeallrelevantfactorsintoaccountininterpretingtheirdata.B)Conducttheirresearchusingmoresophisticatedtechnology.C)Gathergenedatafrompeopleofallsocialclasses.D)Cooperatewithsocialscientistsintheirresearch.50.Whatdoestheauthorwarnagainstinthepassage?A)Exaggeratingthepoweroftechnologyinshapingtheworld.B)Losingsightofprofessionalethicsinconductingresearch.C)Misunderstandingthefindingsofhumancognitionresearch.D)Promotingdiscriminationinthenameofscience.PassageTwoQuestions51toSSarebasedonthefollowingpassage.NicolaSturgeon'sspeechlastTuesdaysettingouttheScottishgovernment'slegislativeprogrammefortheyearaheadconfirmedwhatwasalreadyprettyclear.ScottishcouncilsaresettobethefirstintheUKwiththepowertolevychargesonvisitors,withEdinburghlikelytoleadtheway.Touristtaxesarenotnew.TheHimayalankingdomofBhutanhasalongstandingpolicyofchargingvisitorsadailyfee.France'staxonovernightstayswasintroducedtoassistthermalspa(ꢀꢁꢂꢃ)townstodevelop,andaroundhalfofFrenchlocalauthoritiesuseittoday.Butsuchleviesareontherise.MovesbyBarcelonaandVenicetodealwiththephenomenonof"over-tourism"throughtheuseofchargeshaverecentlygainedprominence.JapanandGreeceareamongthecountriestohaverecentlyintroducedtouristtaxes.ThattheUKlagsbehind�sduetoourweak,byinternationalstandards,localgovernment,aswellastheoppositiontotaxesandregulationofouraggressivelypro-marketrulingparty.SomeUKcitieshavelobbiedwithoutsuccessforthepowertolevyachargeonvisitors.Suchleviesarenouniversalremedyastheamountsraisedwouldbetinycomparedwithwhathasbeentakenawaybycentralgovernmentsince72010.Still,itistobehopedthattheScottishgovernment'sboldmovewillpromptotherstoact.Thereis

7noreasonwhyvisitorstotheUK,ordomestictouristsonholidayinhotspotssuchasCornwall,shouldbeexemptfromtaxation-particularlywhenvitallocalservicesincludingwastecollection,parkmaintenanceandartsandculturespendingareunderunprecedentedstrain.Onthecontrary,compellingtouriststomakeafinancialcontributiontotheplacestheyvisitbeyondtheirpersonalconsumptionshouldbepartofawiderculturalshift.Westernerswithdisposableincomeshaveoftenbehavedasiftheyhavearighttogowherevertheychoosewithlittleregardfortheconsequences.Justastheenvironmentalharmcausedbyaviationandothertransportmustcomeunderfargreaterscrutiny,thesocialcostoftourismmustalsobeconfronted.Thisincludestheimpactofshort-termletsonhousingcostsandqualityoflifeforresidents.SeveralEuropeancapitals,includingParisandBerlin,areleadingacampaignfortougherregulationbytheEuropeanUnion.Italsoincludestheimpactofovercrowding,litterandthekindsofbehaviourassociatedwithnoisyparties.Thereisno"onesizefitsall"solutiontothisproblem.Theexistenceofnewrevenuestreamsforsomebutnotallcouncilsiscomplicated,andbusinessesareoftenopposed,fearinghighercostswillmakethemuncompetitive.Butthoseplacesthatwantthemmustbegiventhechancetomaketouristtaxeswork.51.WhatdowelearnfromNicolaSturgeon'sspeech?A)TheUKissettoadjustitspolicyontaxation.B)TouristswillhavetopayataxtovisitScotland.C)TheUKwilltakenewmeasurestoboosttourism.D)EdinburghcontributesmosttoScotland'stourism.52.HowcometheUKhasbeenslowinimposingthetouristtax?A)Itsgovernmentwantstoattractmoretourists.B)Thetaxisunlikelytoaddmuchtoitsrevenue.C)Itsrulingpartyisopposedtotaxesandregulation.D)Ittakestimeforlocalgovernmentstoreachconsensus.53.BothinternationalanddomesticvisitorsintheUKshouldpaytouristtaxsoasto____A)elevateitstourismtointernationalstandardsB)improvethewelfareofitsmaintenanceworkersC)promoteitsculturalexchangewithothernationsD)easeitsfinancialburdenofprovidinglocalservices54,ꢀhatdoestheauthorsay-aboutꢀesꢁeꢂtourists?A)Theydon'tseemtocareaboutthesocialcostoftourism.B)Theydon'tseemtomindpayingforadditionalservices.C)Theydeemtravelanimportantpartoftheirlife.D)Theysubjecttheeffectsoftourismtoscrutiny.55.WhatareUKpeople'sopinionsaboutthelevyoftouristtax?A)Supportive.B)Skeptical.C)Divided.D)Unclear.PartNTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.6ꢁ8

82021�6ꢀ*�ꢁꢂꢃꢄꢅꢆꢇ(ꢈ).PartIWriꢀing(30minuꢀꢁ)ꢀHiꢁ�ꢂꢃꢄDirections:ꢅrthꢗsparꢊ,ꢆuareallowed30mꢋnutesꢊowrꢗteaneꢇaybasedonꢊhecharꢊbelow.YoꢕshouldstarꢊyoureꢇaywꢗꢊhabrꢗefdesꢉrꢗptꢋonoftheꢉharꢊandꢉommenꢊonChina'sachievementsinhighereducation.Youshoꢑldwrꢗteaꢊleasꢊ150wordsbuꢊnomoreꢊhan200words.GꢀossꢇnꢀolmꢇntratioinhighꢇreducationinChina(1990-2019)0••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••....•••••••••••••••••••••••.6.0%45.0%ꢒ0.0%15.0%ꢀl.6%48.1745.%42.7%···----·--·········----············-------···-······-------···-······------········4ꢀꢁ0.%3754%.ꢒ0015ꢔ6.95%•••·•••··········---···•······-··•--·-····-·-····------·-"···-•·N%16:S%!:22ꢒ%ꢔ3.322%ꢔꢋꢂ19%17%0-ꢋ5%133%••••••··········ii············6ꢃꢄꢅꢆ0ꢇꢈꢉꢊ_.ꢋꢌ1995ꢍꢎꢏꢋꢐꢑꢏꢒꢚꢓꢔꢕꢖꢗ2ꢘ2ꢙꢚꢛ920ꢝ0ꢔ011ꢜꢝꢚꢔ0ꢋꢒꢔ0142015ꢔ016ꢚ0ꢋ7ꢎ01820ꢋ9ꢞoꢟceꢠMinꢡsꢢofEducationParꢀꢂLisꢀeningComprehension(30minuꢀes)SectionADiꢀꢁtꢂꢃꢄsꢅInꢊhꢗsꢈꢉꢊꢋonꢌyouwꢋllhearꢊwoꢍnꢎconversatꢗons.Atꢊheendofeachconversatꢗon,yoꢑwillhearfoꢕrquesꢊꢗons.ꢏꢊhꢊheconversaꢊꢗonandthe_qꢕestꢋonswꢋllbespokenonlyonce.Afteryoꢕhearaqꢑestion,ꢐꢑmꢕstchooseꢊhebesꢊanswerꢒoꢓꢊheꢔꢕrchoꢋꢉesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorresꢖndꢗnꢘletteronAnswerSheet1wꢋꢊhasꢋnꢎlelꢋneꢊhrouꢎhꢊhecentre.ꢆꢇstions1to4aꢀꢇbasꢇdonthꢇconvꢇꢀsationyouhavꢇjusthꢇaꢀd.1.A)Weird.B)Efficient.C)Tolerant.D)Toxic.2.A)Theyarearrogant.B)Theyareignorant.3.A)Theycanthinkbig.C)Theyareambitious.D)Theyareaccommodating.C)Theycanbreakconventions.D)Theycanworkflexiblehours.C)Itenablespeopletolearnandgrow.D)Itisconducivetocriticalthinking.B)Theycanairtheirviews.4.A)Itcanalterpeople'smindsets.B)Itcanleadtonewdiscoveries.Quꢇstions5to8aꢀꢇbasꢇdonthꢇconvꢇꢀsationyouhavꢇjusthꢇaꢀd.5.A)Hekeptlookingforthebestplacetostay.B)Hemetmanytouristsfromothercountries.6.A)Prioritizewhatisessentialtotheirbestadvantage.B)Stretchouttheprocessinsearchoftheoptimal.C)Deliberatetheconsequencesthatmayoccur.D)Takeallrelevantfactorsintoconsideration.C)Hehadagreattimesightseeingandrelaxing.D)Hemanagedtovisitadifferentcityeachday.ꢀ�2021�6ꢁ24

97.A)Timepressure.B)Tightbudget.C)Moderntechnology.D)Fiercecompetition.8.A)Researchasmanydifferentoptionsaspossible.C)Focusonwhatispractical.B)Avoidgoingoverthesameoptionsrepeatedly.D)Trusttheirgutinstinct.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestAannsswweerrSfrhoemet1thefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteronwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A)Itisbeneficialtopooraswellasrichcommunities.B)Itisconducivetochildren'sfuturedevelopment.C)Itiswelcometoparentsbutnottochildren.D)Itisnotofmuchhelptoyoungerchildren.10.A)Itmayputsomestudentsinremoteareasatadisadvantage.B)Itgivesthemajorityofstudentsreadyaccesstotheirteachers.C)Iteffectivelyimprovesthelearningqualityofstudentsinruralareas.D)Itcanbridgethelearninggapbetweenkidsofdifferentbackgrounds.11.A)Diligentstudentstendtodotheirhomeworkindependently.B)Thefocusofhomeworkshouldalwaysbeonschoolsubjects.C)Doinghomeworkexertsapositiveeffectonkids'personalitydevelopment.D)Thebenefitsofdoinghomeworkvarywidelyfromindividualtoindividual.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.12.A)Itwassomethingheapologizedforlater.B)ItwasridiculedbytheNewYorkTimes.C)Itwasaforty-nine-yearplan.D)Itwasconsideredvisionary.13.A)Itwasofgreatsignificancetorocketscience.C)Itwassomehowdelayedabout12minutes.B)ItwascompletedinthestateofNewMexico.D)Itfailedduetoasuddenchangeofweather.14.A)Alaboratoryandtestrangewasalreadysetupthere.B)Itsclimatewasidealforyear-roundrocketlaunching.C)Aweatherexpertinvitedhimtogothereforhismission.D)Itsremotevalleyswereappealingtohimandhisfamily.15.A)HewonanawardfromtheUSgovernmentforhiswork.B)Hegainedrecognitionfromrocketscientistsworldwide.C)Hewasgrantedover200patentsinrockettechnology.D)HeboostedthemilitarystrengthoftheUnitedStates.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosetAhensbweesrtSanhseweter1fwroitmhtahseinfogluerlcihnoeitchersomugahrktehdeAce)n,trBe.),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronQuꢀtions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.C)Itcanbequitefrustrating.16.A)Itrequiresentrepreneurialexperience.B)Itisusuallyfinanciallyrewarding.D)Itcanberatherrisky.17.A)Itcontributestorapidbusinessexpansion.B)Itinspireswillingnesstomakesacrifices.C)Itreducesconflictamongteammembers.D)Itencouragescreationandinnovation.ꢀ�2021�6�25

1018.A)Theyhaveunrealisticexpectations.C)Fewcanfindwillinginvestors.D)Manyareidealisticdreamers.B)Theyoftenworkwithoutanypay.Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.19.A)Theyhavebetterdietaryhabits.B)Theybearfewersocialresponsibilities.C)Theyarebornwithastrongerabilitytosocialize.D)Theyarebetterabletosurviveorhandledisease.20.A)Theyhavealimitedreproductiveability.B)Theydependonadequatesleeptothrive.C)Theykeepdividingthroughoutone'slife.D)Theystrengthenwithregularexercise.21.A)Theprocessofageingcanultimatelybebroughtundercontrol.B)Improvedhealthcarefortheelderlywillcontributetolongevity.C)Preventionofheartdiseaseandstrokewillincreaselifeexpectancy.D)Theresolutionofage-relateddiseaseswillsolvethemysteryofageing.Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.22.A)Theyarereluctanttofollowinstructions.C)Theycannotunderstanddirectives.D)Theydonotshowduerespect.B)Theyfailtoansweremailspromptly.23.A)Theyhavenotbeentrainedtofollowtherules.C)Theywanttoavoidunnecessarylosses.B)Theyarenotsatisfiedwiththemanagement.D)Theyfindtheirvoicegounheeded.24.A)Whentheyareongoodtermswiththeirmanagers.B)Whentheyfindtheirjobgoalseasilyattainable.C)Whentheyfindtheirsupervisorshelpful.D)Whentheyarefinanciallymotivated.25.A)Theyareauselesstoolformanagerstochangeemployeebehavior.B)Theyprovetobeagoodmeansformanagerstogiveinstructions.C)Theyshouldbereservedforurgentcommunication.D)Theyareseldomusedforsharingconfidentialdata.PartꢀReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.ReadthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoAicness.weEraSchhecehtoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemon2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.I'malwaysbaffledwhenIwalkintoapharmacyandseeshelvesburstingwithvariousvitamins,extractsandothersupplements,allpromisingtoaccelerateorpromoteweightloss.Aislesofmarketinggeniusbelie(ꢀꢁꢂ)thefactthat,26,weightlossisdictatedbythelawsofarithmetic.EconomistJessicaIrvinewroteabookabouthowsheusedmathtohelpherlosemorethan18kilograms.Ifcaloriestakeninarelessthancalories27,weightshallbelost,andsoitiswithmoney.Despitethe28offinancialproducts,servicesandsolutionsgearedtowardsaccumulatingwealth,ifallbeginswiththesame29:gettingaheadfinanciallyrequiresareductionofspending,sothatincomeisgreaterthanexpenses.IwasremindedofthisagainrecentlylisteningtoaninterviewwithNicoleHaddow,theauthorofSmashedAvocado,explaininghowshecrackedthepropertymarketat31.Itwasquitea30,givenwhereshehadbeentwoyearsearlier.Nicoledidn'tcelebrateher30thbirthdayasshehad31.Shewassobbingatthedinnertablewithherparents,withwhomshehadjustmovedbackin.Shehadnostableincome,$12,000incredit-carddebtandnoplan,buttoher32,herfather,anaccountant,toldherthatherfinancial33wasn't*�2021ꢀ6A26

11asbadasshethought.Hesaid,onherincome,withsomechanges,shewouldbeabletobuyaninvestmentunitwꢂthꢂntwoyears,whichshedid.Nicoleadmittedshewasfortunate,asshewasabletolivewithherparentsand34herspendingandlife-togetherselfontrackfinancꢂally.Creatꢂngagapbetweenherincomeandspendingrequꢂredaparadigmshift·and�sacrificeandcommitment,butbygoingintofꢂnancꢂallockdown,Nꢂcolegainedfinancialindependence.A)abundanceB)astonishmentC)entaꢂledD)envisagedE)equationF)expendedG)featH)fiscaꢁꢁyI)impetusJ)overhaulK)perm;mentꢁyL)plightM)prosperN)sꢃatter0)ultimatelySectionBDirections:Inthisꢀection,youaregoingtoreꢊdapaꢀꢁgewithteꢂstatementsattaꢄhedtoit.ꢃꢄhstatementcontainꢀinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.ꢅdentꢆꢇtheparagraphfromwhiꢄhtheinformationisderived.Youmayꢄhooꢀeaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachꢈraꢉrꢊphiꢀmarkedwithꢊletter.AnꢀwerthequestionsbymarkinꢉtheꢄorresꢋndiꢌgletteronAnswerSheet2.Fꢀanꢁ'sbelovedcꢂꢃhꢄꢅalonlymiꢆuꢇꢈawayfꢅomcompletedestꢅucꢃioꢆA)NotreDameCathedraꢁintheꢃeartofPariswaswitꢃin"15to30minutes"ofcompletedestructionasfirefightersbattledtostopflamesreachingitsbelltowersonMondayevening,Frencꢃauthorꢂtiesꢃaverevealed.AgreaterdisasterwasavertedbymembersoftheParisfirebrigade,whoriskedtheirlivestoremaꢂninsidetheburningmonumenttocreateawallofwaterbetweentꢃeragingfireandtꢃetwotowersontꢃewestofthebuilding.B)Tꢃerevelationofꢃowclose.FrancecametolosingitsmostfamouscatꢃedralemergedaspQlꢂceꢂnvestigatorsquestionedworkersinvoꢁvedintherestorationofthemonumenttotrytoestꢀbꢁꢂsꢃthecauseofthedevastatingbꢁaze.ParꢂsprosecutorRemyHeitz�aidtꢃataninitialfirealertwassoundedat6:20pmonMondayeveningbutnofꢄewasfound.Thesecondaꢁertwassoundedat6:43pm,andtheblazewasdꢂscoveredontꢃeroof.C)Moretꢃan€650millꢂonwasraisedinafewꢃoursonTuesdayasFrenchbusinessꢁeadersandgꢁobalcorporationsannouncedtheywoulddonatetoarestoratꢂoncampaꢂgnlaunchedbythepresident,EmmanuelMacron.Butastꢃe.emergencyservicespickedthroughtheburntdebris,arowwasresurfacingoveraccusatꢂonsthatthebelovedcathedral,immortalisedinVꢂctorHugo'snovel,wasaꢁreadycrumblingbeforethefire.D)ThecatꢃedralꢂsownedbytheFrencꢃstateandhasbeenattꢃecentreofayears-longdisputeoverwꢃoshouldfinancerestorationworkofthecollapsingstaircases,crumblingstatuesandcrackedwalꢁs.JeanMichelLeniaud,thepresidentofthescientificcounciꢁattheN_ationalHeritageInstitute,said:"Whathappenedwasboundtoꢃappen..Thelackofadequatemaintenanceanddailyattentiontosuchamajesticbuiꢁdingistꢃecauseofthiscatastrophe."Aftertheblazewasdeclaredcompletelyextꢂnguꢂshed,15hoursafteritstarted,thejuniorꢂnteriorminister,LaurentNunez,saꢂdthestructureꢃadbeensavedbutremainedvulnerabꢁe.Hepraisedtheactionsofthefirefightersbutadmittedthefateoftꢃecathedralꢃadbeenuncertain."Theysavedthemainstructure,butitallcamedownto15-30minutes,"Nunezsaid.E)InasurprisetelevisedaddressonTuesdayevening,Macronsaidꢃewantedtoseetꢃecathedralrebuiltwitꢃinfiveyears."ThefireatNotreDameremindsusthatwewilꢁalwayshavechallengestoovercome,"Macronsaid,"NotreDameisourhistory,ourliterature,tꢃecentreofourlꢂfe.Itisthestandardbywꢃichwemeasureourdistances.It'ssomanybooks,somanypaintings.It'sthecathedralꢀꢁ2021�6ꢂ27

12ofeveryFrenchperson,eventhosewhohavenevervisitedit.ThishistoryisoursandsowewillrebuildNotreDame.ItiswhattheFrenchpeopleexpect;itiswhatourhistorydeserves.Itisourdeepdestiny.WewillrebuildNotreDamesoitisevenmorebeautifulthanbefore.Iwantitdoneinthenextfiveyears.Wecandoit.Afterthetimeoftestingcomesatimeofreflectionandthenofaction."F)Thefire,whichhadstartedatthebaseofthe93-metrespire(��)atabout6:40pmonMonday,spreadthroughthecathedral'sroof,madeupofhundredsofoakbeams,somedatingbacktothe13thcentury.Thesebeams,knownaslaforet(theforest)becauseoftheirdensity,formedthecrossshapedroofthatranthelengthofthecentralpartofthecathedral.AshundredsoftouristsandParisiansstoodandwatchedtheflamesleapingfromtheroof,therewasshockandtearsasthecathedralspirecaughtfire,burnedandthencollapsedintoitself.G)Acollectionofdramaticvideosandphotosquicklyspreadacrosssocialmedia,showingthehorrifyingdestruction,andattractingemotionalresponsesfrompeopleallovertheworld.Indeed,withinminutesthefireoccupiedheadlinesofeverymajorglobalnewspaperandtelevisionnetwork.ThisisnotsurprisinggivenNotreDameCathedral,meaning"OurLady",isoneofthemostrecognisedsymbolsofthecityofParisattractingmillionsoftouristseveryyear.H)Whiletheworldlookedon,the500firefightersatthescenethenbattledtopreventtheflamesfromreachingthetwomaintowers,wherethecathedralbellshang.Ifthewoodenframeofthetowershadcaughtfire,itcouldhavesentthebells-thelargestofwhich,theEmmanuelBell,weighs13tonscrashingdown,potentiallycausingthecollapseofbothtowers.Policeandfireserviceswillspendthenext48hoursassessingthe"securityandsafety"ofthe850-year-old·structure.Nunezsaid:"Wehaveidentifiedvulnerabilitiesthroughoutthestructure,allofwhichstillneedsecuring."Asaresult,residentsoffivebuildingsaroundthenorthernsideofthecathedralwerebeingtemporarilyevacuated,headded.Architectshaveidentifiedthreemainholesinthestructure,inthelocationsofthespire,themainhallandtheupperroomstothenorthofthecentralaisle.Mostofthewoodenroofbeamshavebeenburned,andpartsoftheconcreteholdinguptheroofhavecollapsed.I)Theinteriorminister,ChristopheCastaner,visitedthecathedralonTuesdayafternoontoseetheextentofthedevastation.Ashcoveredthemarblediamond-patternedfloorandfloatedinlargepoolsofgreywaterfromthefirehoses.Behindaheapofblackenedoakbeamsthatlaypiledupwheretheyhadfallen,daylightfromvastholesinthecathedralrooflitagoldencrossoverastatuebyNicolasCoustou,whichappearedtohaveescaped-damage.Preliminaryinspectionsalsosuggested-thethreeoꢀate(ꢀꢁꢂꢃꢄꢅstainedglass"rose"windowsappearedtohavesurvivedthefire,officialssaid.)However,fireofficershavesaidacompleteinventoryofthedamagewillnotbepossibleuntilthecathedralstructurehasbeendeemedsafe.J)Thecultureminister,FranckRiester,saidreligiousrelicssavedfromthecathedralwerebeingsecurelyheldattheHoteldeVille,andworksofartthatsustainedsmokedamagewerebeingtakentotheLouvre,theworld'slargestartmuseum,wheretheywouldbedriedout,repairedandstored.Sixteencopperstatuesthatdecoratedthespirehadbeenremovedforrestorationonlyafewdaysbeforethefire.Relicsatthetopofthespirearebelievedlostasthespirewasdestroyed.Aswellasdamagefromtheheat,whichfirefighterssaidreachedmorethan800·c,expertsalsoneedtoassessdamagefromthevastquantitiesofwaterfirefighterspouredintothecathedral.OnecasualtyofthiswasTheGreatOrganconstructedinthe1730s,whichwassaidtohaveescapedtheflamesbutbeensignificantlydamagedbywater.K)FrenchpoliticalcommentatorsnotedthedevastatingfirehadsucceededwhereMacronhadfailedinunitingthecountry.Butcriticismovertheoriginalstateofthebuildingislikelytointensifyovercomingdays.LeniaudtoldLaCroixnewspaper:"Thisisnotaboutlookingforpeopletoblame.Theresponsibilityiscollectivebecausethisisthemostlovedmonumentinthecountry."AlexandreGady,anarthistorian,agreed."We'vebeensayingforyearsthatthebudgetformaintaininghistoric*�2021�6ꢀ28

13monumentsistoolow,"Gadysaid.TheParisprosecutor'sofficehasopenedaninquiryinto"involuntarydestructionbyfire",indicatingtheybelievethecauseoftheblazewasaccidentalratherthancriminal.36.Thetotalamountof�amagetoNotreDameCathedralcanbeassessedonlywhenitsstructureisconsideredsafe.37.OnceagainpeoplebegantoarguewhetherNotreDameCathedralwasgoingtocollapseevenwithoutthefire.38.TheNotreDameCathedralcatastrophewassaidtohavehelpedunitetheFrenchnation.39.TheroofofNotreDameCathedralwasbuiltwithlargenumbersofdenselylaid-outwoodbeams.40.RenovationworkersofNotreDameCathedralwerequestionedtofindoutthecauseoftheaccident.41.Hadthebelltowers'woodenframesburneddown,theheavybellswouldhavecrasheddown.42.ThetimelyactionofthefirefighterspreventedthefirefromreachingtheCathedral'sbelltowers.43.Apartfromthefire,thewaterusedtoextinguishitalsocausedalotofdamagetoNotreDameCathedral.44.TherehasbeenargumentovertheyearsastowhoshouldpayfortherestorationofNotreDameCathedral.45.NewsoftheNotreDameCathedralcatastropheinstantlycaughtmediaattentionthroughouttheworld.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfallowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Weoftenthinkofdrawingassomethingthattakesinborntalent,butthiskindofthinkingstemsfromourmisclassificationofdrawingas,primarily,anartformratherthanatoolforlearning.Researchers,teachers,andartistsarestartingtoseehowdrawingcanpositivelyimpactawidevarietyofskillsanddisciplines.Mostofushavespentsometimedrawingbefore,butatsomepoint,mostofusstopdrawing.Therearepeoplewhodon't,obviously,andthankgodforthat:aworldwithoutdesignersandartistswouldbeaveryshabbyoneindeed.Somearguethatsomanyadultshaveabandoneddrawingbecausewe'vemiscategorizeditandgivenitaverynarrowdefinition.Inhisbook,StickFigures:DrawingasaHumanPractice,ProfessorD.B.Dowdarguesthatwehavemisfiledthesignificanceofdrawingbecauseweseeitasaprofessionalskillinsteadofapersonalcapacity.Wemistakenlythinkof"good"drawingsasthosewhichworkasrecreationsoftherealworld,asrealisticillusions.Rather,drawingshouldberecategorizedasasymbolictool.Humanbeingshavebeendrawingfor73,OOOyears.It'spartofwhatitmeanstobehuman.Wedon'thavethestrengthofchimpanzees(ꢀꢁꢂꢃ)becausewe'vegivenupanimalstrengthtomanipulatesubtleinstruments,likehammers,spears,and-later-pensandpencils.Thehumanhandisanextremelydensenetworkofnerveendings.Inmanyways,humanbeingsarebuilttodraw.Someresearchersarguethatdoodling(�)activatesthebrain'sso-calleddefaultcircuit-essentially,theareasofthebrainresponsibleformaintainingabaselinelevelofactivityintheabsenceofotherstimuli.Becauseofthis,somebelievethatdoodlingduringaboringlecturecanhelpstudentspayattention.Inonestudy,participantswereaskedtolistentoalistofnameswhileeitherdoodlingorsittingstill.Thosewhodoodledremembered29percentmoreofthenamesthanthosewhodidnot.There'salsoevidencethatdrawingtalentisbasedonhowaccuratelysomeoneperceivestheworld.Thehumanvisualsystemtendstomisjud*gesize,shape,color,andanglesbutartistsperceivethese�2021ꢀ6ꢁ29

14qualitiesmoreaccuratelythannon-artists.Cultivatingdrawingtalentcanbecomeanessentialtooltoimprovepeople'sobservationalskillsinfieldswherethevisualisimportant.Ratherthan·thinkofdrawingasatalentthatsomecreativepeoplearegiftedin,weshouldconsideritasatoolforseeingandunderstandingtheworldbetter-onethatjustsohappenstodoubleasanartform.Bothabsent-mindeddoodlingandcopyingfromlifehavebeenshowntopositivelyaffectyourmemoryandvisualperception,socomplainloudlythenexttimeyourschoolboardslashestheartdepartment'sbudgetꢁ46.Whatdopeoplegenerallythinkaboutdrawing?A)Itisagiftcreativepeopleareendowedwith.C)Itisanartformthatisappreciatedbyall.B)Itisaskillthatisacquiredwithpractice.47.Whatdowelearnaboutdesignersandartists?A)Theyaredeclininggraduallyinnumber.D)Itisanabilityeveryoneshouldcultivate.B)Theyarekeenonchangingshabbysurroundings.C)Theyaddbeautyandcharmtotheworld.D)Theyspendmostoftheirlivesdrawing.48ꢁWhatdoesProfessorD.B.Dowdargueinhisbook?A)EverybodyisbornwiththecapacitytodrawꢁB)Drawingisaskillthatrequiresspecialtraining.C)ThevalueofdrawingtendstobeoverestimatedꢁD)Drawingshouldberedefinedasarealisticillusion.49ꢁWhathavesomeresearchersfoundfromonestudyaboutdoodling?A)Itisamustformaintainingabaselevelofbrainactivity.B)ItcanturnsomethingboringintosomethinginterestingꢁC)Itisthemostreliablestimulanttoactivatethebrain.D)Ithelpsimproveconcentrationandmemory.50.Whatischaracteristicofpeoplewithdrawingtalent?A)SensitivitytocognitivestimulationꢁB)SubtletyofrepresentationꢁC)AccuracyincategorizationꢁD)PrecisioninvisualperceptionꢁPassageꢀoQuestions51toSSarebasedonthefollowingpassage.ThecarhasreshapedourcitiesꢁItseemstoofferautonomyforeveryone.Thereissomethingalmostdelightfulinthedetachmentfromrealityofadvertisementsshowingmass-producedcarsmarketedassymbolsofindividualityandoffreedomwhenmostoftheirliveswillbespentmakingshortjourneysonchokedroads.Forallthefussmadeabouttopspeeds,corneringabilityandacceleration,themostusefulgadgetsonamoderncararethosewhichworkwhenyou'regoingveryslowly:parkingsensors,soundsystems,andnavigationappswhichwillshowawayaroundupcomingtrafficjams.Thisseemstobeoneofthefewareaswherethebenefitofsharingpersonalinformationcomesstraightbacktothesharer:becausetheseappsknowwherealmostalltheusersare,andhowfasttheyaremovingalmostallthetime,theycanspottrafficcongestioncm�)veryquicklyandsuggestwaysroundit.Theproblemcomeswheneveryoneisusinganavigationappwhichtellsthemtoavoideveryoneelseusingthesamegadget.Trafficjamsoftenappearwherenoonehasenoughinformationtoavoidthem.Whenaluckyfewhaveaccesstotheknowledge,theywillbenefitgreatly.Butwheneveryonehasperfectinformation,trafficjamssimplyspreadontothesideroadsthatseemtoofferawayroundthemꢁThisnewcongestionteachesustwothings.Thefirstisthatthepromisesoftechnologywillneverberealisedasfullyaswehope;theywillbelimitedbytheirunforeseenandunintendedconseqꢀencesꢁSittinginamorecomfortablecarinadifferenttrafficjamispleasantbuthardlytheliberationthatonceseemedtobepromised.Thesecondisthatself-organisationwillnotgetuswherewewanttogo.Theeffortsof*ꢀ20216ff30

15millionsofdriverstogetaheaddonotmiraculouslyproduceasituationinwhicheveryonedoesbetterthanbefore,butoneinwhichalmosteveryonedoesratherworse.Centralcontrolandcollectiveorganisationcanproducesmootherandfaireroutcomes,thougheventhatmuchisneverguaranteed.Similarlimitscanbeforeseenforthemuchgreateradvancespromisedbyself-drivingcars.Lastweek,oneoperatedbythetaxicompanyUberstruck�ndkilledawomanpushingherbicycleacrossawideroadinArizona.Thiswasthefirstrecordeddeathinvolvingacarwhichwassupposedtobefullyautonomous.Expertshavesaidthatitsuggestsa"catastrophicfailure"oftechnology.Increasingly,evenSiliconValleyhastoacknowledgethecostsoftheintoxicating(�A�ꢀꢁ)hurrythatcharacterisesitsculture.Whattrafficteachesusisthatrecklessanduncontrolledchangeisaslikelytoharmusasitistobenefitus,andthatthoughtfulregulationisnecessaryforabetterfuture.51.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutcaradvertisements?A)Theyportraydriverswhoenjoyspeedontheroad.B)Theypresentafalsepictureoftheautonomycarsprovide.C)Theypursueindividualityandoriginalityindesignconcept.D)Theyoverestimatethepotentialmarketofautonomouscars.52.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutthevariousgadgetsoncars?A)Theycanhelptoalleviatetrafficjams.B)Mostofthemareaseffectiveasadvertised.C).Onlysomecanbeputtouseundercurrenttrafficconditions.D)Theyareconstantlyupgradedtomakedrivingeasierandsafer.53.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheuseofnavigationapps?A)Itislikelytocreatetrafficjamsinotherplaces.B)Ithelpsagreatdealineaꢂꢃꢄgtrafficcoµgestion.C)Itsharplyreducestheincidenceoftrafficaccidents.D),Itbenefitsthosewhoarelearningtodrive.54.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttechnology?A)Itsconsequencesareusuallydifficulttoassess.B)Itseldomdeliversallthebenefitsaspromised.C)Itdependsontherequiredknowledgeforapplication.D)Itsbenefitsareguaranteedbycollectivewisdom.55.Whatkeymessagedoestheauthortrytoconveyinthepassage?A)Theconsequencesoftechnologicalinnovationneednotbeexaggerated.B)Thereisalwaysapricetopaytodeveloptechn'ologyforabetterworld.C)Technologicalinnovationshouldbeproperlyregulated.D)ThecultureofSiliconValleyoughtnottobeemulated.PartNTranslation(30minutes)Directioꢀ:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.You*ꢏꢐꢀWꢑꢒꢓꢀꢔLU�ꢕꢖoffꢗ�1iꢘꢙ�shouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.ꢅꢆW�t$ꢇꢈꢉꢊ�ꢀ,ꢋꢌꢍꢀꢎ3OOO,ꢆꢚꢛꢇꢜꢝꢞꢟꢠꢡꢺꢻꢁꢼꢽOꢟꢠꢡꢢꢣꢤ"ꢅꢥꢦꢧꢨꢩ",JꢪꢫꢬꢭꢮꢥꢦꢯHꢰꢱꢲꢳZꢈ,ꢴꢵꢶꢷꢸꢹr1i¥꣛T��꣯꣰꣱ꣲꣳꣴꣵꣶ

16*�ꢂnLꢟꢁ꣜ꢏ꣝꣞꣟ꢀ꣠꣡꣢ꢘꢅꢆ꣣*Mꢂ*꣤..꣥꣦�꣧꣨꣩꣪꣫꣬꣭꣮,꣑ꢅꢆꢁꢝffꢁLUJ"ꢁꢾꢿꣀꣁꣂ*ꣃ꣄ꣁ�ꣅ꣆ꢼ꣇꣈꣉꣊꣋꣌ꣁ�꣍꣎$�m꣏�꣐꣑꣒꣓꣔ꢼ꣕꣖I_꣗꣘꣙꣚ꢀꣷ꣸2021꣹6꣺31PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaybasedonthechartbelow.Youshouldstartyouressaywithabri�fdescriptionofthechartandcommentonChina'sachievementsinpovertyalleviation.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.Ruralpopulationinpovertypoverꢀheadcꢂuntratiꢂꢁilliꢂnpeꢂple)(%ꢂfruralpꢂpulatiꢂn)1ꢃ����ꢄ�ꢄ��ꢄ�ꢄ�ꢄ��ꢅ12ꢀ155025Sꢂꢆꢇes:China'sNꢈꢉꢂnalBureauꢂfStaꢊꢋtiꢇs,China'sStateCꢂuncilLeaꢌngGrꢂupOfficeꢂfPꢂvꢍAlleviꢈꢉꢂnꢎdDevelꢂpmentPartꢀListeningComprehension(30minutes)ꢀꢁꢂ:ꢃ20216�/,ꢄꢅꢆꢇꢈꢉꢊT2ꢋꢌꢍ'*ꢋꢎtlꢏiꢐꢑꢒꢓꢔ2ꢕꢖꢗꢇ-ꢘ,ꢙꢚꢛꢜꢝ-ꢘ,ꢞꢟꢠ*ꢋ•ꢡꢢꢣꢤꢥꢦꢧLPartꢁSectionAReadingComprehension(40minutes)Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninaword.bankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices;Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2with.a.singlelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.At43,I'vereachedthestagewherewomenarewarnedtowatchoutforthecreepingsadnessofmiddleage.We'reservedupanendlessstreamofadviceon"howtosurviveyour40s",asifwe'reintheendurancestageofaslowlimptoward26.Thisistheagewomenstarttobecome"invisible"-ourvalue,attractivenessandpowersupposedly27bythevanishingofyouth.ButIdon'tfeellikeI'mfadinginto28.IfeelmoreseenthanIeverhave,andfor.thefirsttimeinmylife,Ihaveaclear-eyedviewofmyselfthatis29,compassionateandaccepting.WhenIlookinthemirror,I'mproudofwhoIam-eventhose"broken"partsthatforsolongseemedimpossibletolove.Sowhenadvertiserstrytosellmewaysto"turnbacktheclock",Ihaveto30alaugh.Iwouldn'tgobacktothecripplingself-consciousnessofmyyouthifyoupaidme.Thishard-wonsenseofself-acceptanceisoneofthejoysofbeinganolderwoman.Butit'sanarrativeoften31outbytheshamethatmarketersrelyontopeddleustheirdietpills,miraclefacecreamsandbreathableyogapants-asifself-loveisa*�32commodity.2021�6ꢀ47

17ForsomewomenIknow,thissenseoftrustandself-beliefꢆꢇterinlifegꢇvethemthecourꢇgetoleavedysfunctionalrelꢇtionshipsor33onnewcꢇreerpaths.Otherstaꢆkedꢇboutenjoyingtheirown34,deepeningbondsoffriendships,theabilitytobemorecompꢇny,ofgrowththroughcompꢇssionate,ꢆessjudgmentꢇꢆandtolistenmoreandappreciatethesmalꢆpꢆeasures.Lifepꢇst40isfꢇrfromsmoothsailing,butit'ssomuchmorethꢇnthereductive35weseeinwomen'smꢇgꢇzinesꢇndontheHoꢆlywoodbigscreen.A)adversityB)ꢇuthenticC)conveyF)drownedG)embꢇrkH)frꢇgilityIꢄnegꢆectedJꢄobscurityK)outꢆinesL)prevalentM)purchꢇsꢇbꢆeN)submitDꢎdepictionsEꢄdiminished0ꢎsuppressSectionBDiꢀctꢁons:Inthisꢐecꢉion,youaregꢅꢇngtorꢀdꢕpaꢁꢂgewꢇꢉhꢉenꢐꢉatemenꢉꢐaꢉtacꢏedtoiꢉ.ꢃꢄhꢐtaꢉementꢄꢅntaiꢆꢇnfoꢈaꢉꢇꢅngivꢟninꢅneoftꢏeꢊꢋꢌgrꢍꢎꢏꢐꢑIdenꢉꢇfytheꢒrꢓgꢔꢕpꢏfromwꢏꢇꢄꢏtheꢇnfꢅrmaꢉꢝꢅnisdꢟrꢝved.Youmꢕyꢖꢗꢅꢘeꢕꢙrꢓgraphꢚoꢛtꢏanonꢄe.ꢜꢖhparꢕgrꢓphiꢐmarkedwꢇꢉhaletter.AnswerꢉꢏequeꢐtionsbymꢓrkingꢉꢏeꢖorrespꢅndꢇngletꢉꢟronAnswerSheet2.WhatAretheEthꢁcsofCGIActors-AndWillTheyReplaceRealOnes?A)Digitꢇꢆhumꢇnsꢇrecomingtoꢇscreennearyou.ꢀꢖoꢞꢎutꢟr-genꢟratedꢝꢞagꢟꢠ(CGIꢄhasbecomecheaperꢇndmoresophisticated,thefiꢆmindustrycꢇnnowconvincinglyrecreꢇtepeopꢆeonscreenevenꢇctorswhohꢇvebeendeꢇdfordecꢇdes.Thetechnology'sꢇbilitytoeffectiveꢆykeepcelebritiesaꢆivebeyondthegraveisraisingquestionsaboutpubliclegꢇciesꢇndimagerights.BꢎLatein2019,itwasꢇnnouncedthꢇtUSactorJꢇmesDeꢇn,whodiedin1955,wiꢆꢆstarinꢇVietnamWarfiꢆmscheduledforreleaselꢇterthisyeꢇr.Inthefilm,whichwilꢆbecꢇꢆꢆedFindꢇngJack,DeanwillberecreꢇtedonscreenwithCGIbꢇsedonoꢆdfꢅotage(�ꢁꢂꢃꢄandphotographs,withanotheractorvoicinghim.ThenewswꢇsmetwithexcitementbythosekeentoseeDeandigitaꢆꢆybroughtbacktolifeforonꢆyhisfourthfiꢆm,butitꢇꢆsodrewsharpcriticism."Thisispuppeteeringthedeadfortheirfameaꢆone,"ꢇctressZeldaWꢅꢆiꢇmswroteonTwitter."Itsetssuchꢇnawfulprecedentforthefutureofperformꢇnce."Hetfather,RobinWilliams,who·diedin2014,was-keentoavoidthesame:fate,Beforehisdeꢇth,hefiledadeedprotectingtheuseofhisimageuntiꢆ2039,preventingothersfromrecreatinghimusingCGItoꢇppeꢇrinꢇfiꢆm,TVshoworꢇsꢇꢏꢅlogrꢕm(ꢈꢉꢊꢋꢌꢍꢎꢏC)TheJꢇmesDeanfiꢆmisawaytokeeptheactor'simagereꢆevantforyoungergenerꢇtions,saysMꢇrkRoesꢆerofCMGWorldwide,thefirmthꢇtrepresentsDeꢇn'sestate."Ithinkthisisthebeginningofꢇnentirewꢇve,"sꢇysTravisCloyd,CEOofWorꢆdwideXR,oneofthecompaniesbehindthedigitalrecreationofDean."Movingintothefuture,wewꢇntJꢇmesDeꢇntobebroughtintodifferentgamingenvironments,ordifferentvirtuꢇꢆrealityenvironments,orꢇugmentedrealityenvironments,"hesꢇys.D)Otheractorshavebeenrevived,withthepermissionoftheirestates,foradvertisingpurposes:forexample,a2011ꢇdvertisementforDiorfeaturedcontemporꢇryꢇctressCharlizeTheronaꢆongsideiconic20th-centurystarsMariꢆynMonroe,GrꢇceKeꢆꢆyꢇndMꢇrꢆeneDietrich.Later,AudreyHepburnwasdigitaꢆlyrecreꢇtedforꢇchocoꢆꢇtecommerciaꢆin2013.Inthesꢇmeyear,ꢇCGIBruceLeeꢇppearedinꢇChinese-ꢆanguageꢇdforꢇwhiskybrand,whichoffendedmanyfansbecauseLeewꢇswidelyknownnottodrinkalcoholꢇtꢇll."Intheꢆastfiveyeꢇrs,it'sbecomemoreaffordꢇbleandmoreꢇchievableinawholemovie,"saysTimWebberatUKvisuꢇꢆeffectsfirmFrꢇmestore,thecompanybehindtheHepburnchocolatead.FramestoreusedbodydoubꢆeswithresembꢆancetoHepburn'sfacialstructureandbodyshapeasaframeworkformꢇnuꢇlanimꢇtion.Theprocesswꢇsextremeꢆydifficultandexpensive,saysWebber,butthetechnoꢆogyhꢇsmovedon.ꢐꢑ2021ꢒ6ꢓ48

18E)Now,apersoncanbeanimatedfromscratch."Ifthey'realivetoday,youcanputtheminscanningrigs,youcangeteverydetailoftheirbodyanalysedverycarefullyandthatmakesitmucheasier,whereasworkingfromavailablephotographsistricky,ꢋsaysWebber,whowonanAcademyAwardforhisvisualeffectsworkonthe2013filmGravity."Ialsoseealotofactorstodaywhowillhavethedesiretotakeadvantageofthistechnology:tohavetheirlikenesscaptured·andstoredforfuturecontent,ꢋsaysCloyd."Theyforeseethisbeingsomethingthatcouldgivetheirestatesandgivetheirfamiliestheabilitytomakemoneyfromtheirlikenesswhenthey'regone.ꢋF)Ahiddenhazardofdigitallyrecreatingadeceased(B�ꢀꢁcelebrityistheriskofdamagingtheirlegacy."Wehavetorespectthesecurityandtheintegrityofrightsholders,ꢋsaysJohnCanningatDigitalDomain,aUSfirmthatcreatedahologramrapperꢂꢃꢄꢅꢆꢇꢈꢉTupacShakur,whichappearedattheCoachellamusicfestivalin201Z,15yearsafterhisdeath.G)Legally,aperson'srightstocontrolthecommercialuseoftheirnameandimagebeyondtheirdeathdifferbetweenandevenwithincountries.IncertainUSstates,forexample,theserightsaretreatedsimilarlytopropertyrights,andaretransferabletoaperson'sheirs.InCalifornia;undertheCelebritiesRightsAct,thepersonalityrightsforacelebritylastfor70yearsaftertheirdeath."We'vegotasocietaldebategoingonaboutaccesstoourpubliccommons,asitwere,aboutfamousfaces,�'saysLilianEdwardsatNewcastleUniversity,UK.Shouldthepublicbeallowedtouseorreproduceimagesoffamouspeople,givenhowiconictheyare?Andwhatisin.thebestinterestofadeceasedperson'slegacymayconflictwiththedesiresoftheirfamilyorthepublic,saysEdwards.H)Arecreation,howeverlifelike,willneverbeindistinguishablefromarealactor,saysWebber."Whenwearebringingsomeoneback,representingsomeonewhoisnolongeraliveonthescreen,whatwearedoingisextremelysophisticateddigitalmakeꢊup,ꢋhesays;"AperformanceisalotmorethanaphysicalresemblanceꢒꢋI)Asitbecomeseasiertodigitallyrecreatecelebritiesandtoentirelymanufactureꢌnꢍscreenidentities,couldthiskindoftechnologyputactorsoutofjobs?"Jthinkactorsareworriedaboutthis,ꢋsaysEdwards."ButIthinkitwilltakeaverylongtime.ꢋThisispartlybecauseoftheriskthatviewersfindvirtualhumansscary.EdwardsciteswidespreadbacklashtothedigitalrecreationofCarrieFisheras·ayoungPrincessLeiainRogueOne,atricklaterrepeatedintherecentStarWars:TheRiseofSkywalker,whichwasfilmedafterFisher'sdeathin2016."Peopledidn'tlikeit,ꢋshesays."Theydiscoveredtheuncannyvalleyꢎꢏ#ꢐꢑꢒꢋJ)Thisreferstotheideathatwhenobꢓectstryingtoresemblehumansaren't.quiteperfect,theycanmakeviewersfeeluneasybecausetheyfallsomewherebetweenobviouslynon-humanandfullyhuman."That'salwaysadangerwhenyou'redoinganythinghumanorhuman-like,ꢋsaysWebber."There'reathousandthingsthatcouldgowrongwithacomputer-generatedfacialperformance,andanyoneofthꢌsecouldmakeitfallintotheuncannyvalley,ꢋhesays·;"Yourbrainꢓꢔstknowsthere'ssomethingwrong.ꢋTheproblemoftenarisesaroundtheeyesormouth,saysWebber.."They'retheareasthatyoulookatwhenyou'retalkingtosomeone.ꢋK)AnunfamiliardigitalhumanthathasbeencreatedthroughCGIwillalsofacethesamechallengeasanunknownactor:theydon'thavetheappealofanestablishedname."Youhavetospendsubstantialcapitalincreatingawarenessaroundtheirlikenessandmakingsurepeoplearefamiliarwithwhotheyare,ꢋsaysCloyd.Thisisnowstartingtohappen."Thewayyoupre-sellamovieinaforeignmarketisbasedonrelevanttalent,ꢋhesaysꢒ"Ithinkwe'realongwayawayfromhavingvirtualbeingsthathavetheabilitytopre-sellcontent.ꢋL)Webberexpectsthatwewillseemoredigitalhumansonscreen."It'shappeningbecauseitcanhappen,ꢋhesaysꢒReferringtoalinefromJurassicParkꢕꢖꢗꢘꢙꢚꢛꢜ),headds:"Peoplearetoobusythinkingaboutwhattheyc·andotothinkaboutwhethertheyshoulddoit.ꢋꢀꢁ2021'ꢂ6ꢃ49

193B.Thereisanongoingdebateamongthepublicastowhethertheimagesofdeceasedcelebritiesshouldberecreated.37.TheCOitechnologyallowstheimageofthedeceasedJamesDeantobepresentedtoyoungpeopleinnewsettings.38.ItisverylikelythattheCOi-recreatedimageofadeceasedcelebritywillfailtomatchtherealactorespeciallyinfacialexpressions.39.Theuseofdigitaltechnologycanbringimagesofdeceasedcelebritiesbacktothescreen.40.Recreatingadeceasedfamousactororactressmayviolatetheirlegitimaterights.41.MoreCOi-recreatedimagesofdeceasedcelebritiesareexpectedtoappearonscreen.42.TheimageofJamesDeanwillberecreatedonscreenwithhisvoicedubbedbysomeoneelse.43.HoweveradvancedtheCOitechnologyis,therecreatedimagewilldifferinawayfromtherealactor.44.AlotofactorstodayarelikelytomakeuseoftheCOitechnologytohavetheirimagesstoredforthebenefitoftheirfamilies.45.SomeactorsareconcernedthattheymaylosejobsbecauseoftheCOitechnology.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachꢀssageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicAesnmswaerrkeSdhAee)t,Bꢇ,CꢇandDꢇ.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronPassageOne2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions46to50arebasedonthefoilowingpassage.Youcan'tseeit,smellit,orhearit,andpeopledisagreeonhowpreciselytodefineit,orwhereexactlyitcomesfrom.Itisn'taschoolsubjectoranacademicdiscipline,butitcanbelearned.Itisaqualitythatisrequiredofartists,butitisalsopresentinthelivesofscientistsandentrepreneurs.Allofusbenefitfromitandwethrivementallyandspirituallywhenweareabletowieldit.Itisadelicatething,easilystampedout;infact,itflourishesmostfullywhenpeopleareplayfulandchildlike.Meanwhile,itworksbestinconjunctionwithdeepknowledgeandexpertise.Thismysterious-butteachable-qualityiscreativity,thesubjectofarecently-publishedreportbyDurham·CommissiononCreativityandEducation;Thereportconcludesthat·creativity-shouldnotinhabittheschoolcurriculumonlyasitrelatestodrama,music,artandotherobviouslycreativesubjects,butthatcreativethinkingoughttorunthroughallofschoollife,infusing(ꢀꢁꢂthewayhumanitiesandnaturalsciencesarelearned.Theauthors,whofocusoneducationinEngland,offeranumberofsensiblerecommendations,someofwhichareanattempttoalleviatetheuninspiringandfact-basedapproachtoeducationthathascreptintopolicyinrecentyears.Whenchildrenareregardedasvesselstobefilledwithfacts,creativitydoesnotprosper;nordoesitwhenteachers'soleobjectiveiscoachingchildrentowardsexams.Onesuggestionfromthecommissionisanetworkofteacher-led"creativitycollaboratives",alongthelinesofexistingmathshubs.(ꢃꢄꢅꢆꢇ,withtheaimofsupportingteachingforcreativitythroughtheschoolcurriculum.Nevertheless,itisartssubjectsthroughwhichcreativitycanmostobviouslybefostered.Thevalueplacedonthembytheindependenteducationsectorisclear.OneonlyhastolookattheremarkableartsfacilitiesatBritain'stopprivateschoolstocomprehendthis.ButinthestatesectortheexcessivefocusonEnglish,mathsandsciencethreatenstocrushartssubjects;meanwhile,reducedschoolbudgetsmeandiminishingextracurricularactivities.Therehasbeena28.1%declineinstudentstakingcreativesubjectsathighschoolssince2014,thoughhappily,artanddesignhaveseenarecentincrease.Thisdiscrepancybetweenstateandprivateeducationisamatterofsocialjustice.Itissimplywrong*�2021ꢀ6ꢁ50andunfairthatmostchildrenhaveafractionoftheaccesstochoirs,orchestras,artstudiosanddramathat

20theirmoreprivilegedpeersenjoy.Aslivesareaffectedbyanynumberofloomingchallenges-climatecrisis,automationintheworkplace-humansaregoingtoneedcreativethinkingmorethanever.Forallofoursakes,creativityineducation,andforall,mustbecomeapriority.46.Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutcreativity?A)Itdevelopsbestwhenpeoplearespirituallyprepared.B)Itismostoftenwieldedbyscientistsandentrepreneurs.C)Itisfoundedonscientificknowledgeandanalyticalskills.D)Itcontributestointellectualgrowthbutcaneasilybekilled.47.Whatistheconclusionofarecently-publishedreport?A)Naturalsciencesshouldbelearnedthewayhumanitiescoursesare.B)Cultivationofcreativityshouldpermeatetheentireschoolcurriculum.C)Artcoursesshouldbemadecompulsoryforallstudents.D)Studentsshouldlearnmoreobviouslycreativesubjects.48.Whatdoesthereportsayisdetrimentaltothefosteringofcreativity?A)Alleviationofpressure.C)Test-orientedteaching.D)Independentlearning.B)Teacher-ledschoolactivities.49.WhatdowelearnabouttheprivateschoolsintheUK?A)Theyencourageextracurricularactivities.B)Theyattachgreatimportancetoartseducation.C)Theyprioritizeartssubjectsovermathsandsciences.D)Theycatertostudentsfromdifferentfamilybackgrounds.50.Whatshouldbedonetomeetthefuturechallenges?A)Increasinggovernmentinvestmentinschooleducation.B)Narrowingtheexistinggapbetweentherichandthepoor.C)Providingallchildrenwithequalaccesstoartseducation.D)Focusingonmeetingtheneedsofunder-privilegedstudents.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Emulatingyourconversationpartner'sactionsisacommonhumanbehaviorclassifiedas"mirroring"andhasbeenknownandstudiedbypsychologistsforyears.Wealltendtosubconsciouslycopygesturesofpeoplewelike.Butwhydoweactlikethis?Asarule,mirroringmeansthatconversationalistsenjoytheircommunicationandthatthere'sacertainlevelofagreementbetweenthem.Thetopicofdiscussionisequallyinterestingforbothandtheyknowtheirinterestsmeet.Repeatingsomeone'sbehavioristypicaloftalentedcommunicators,notalwaysbecausethepersonissympathetic,butbecausethereisagoaltobeachieved.Thiswaynewidolshavebeenbroughttothestage:politicians,celebrities,andotherbignames.Popularculturemakespeoplewanttolookpopular,andactandspeaklikepopularpeople.Nowadayscelebritiessteallyricsfromeachotherandstrugglewithcopyrightviolationaccusationsorstraightforwardlyclaimthemselvestobetheauthors,eventhoughalltheworkwasdonebyotherpeople.•Amongcelebrities,it'strendynowadaystousetheirownspeechwritersaspoliticiansdo.Theso-called"ghostwriting"cantakevariousforms:books,articles,autobiographies,andevensocialmediaposts.Whoisatruecopycat(ꢀ�ꢁ)andwhogetscopycatted?Sometimes,itisahardnuttocrackwithoutanexpert'shelp.Butnewauthorshipdefendingmethodsbasedonidentifyingindividualwritingpatterns*�20216ꢀ51arealreadyhere.Theiraimistoprotectintellectualproperty.Usingscientificmethods,someofthemcan

21defineauthorshipwith85%accuracy.Writingisnotaneasycrafttomaster.Ifyouwanttowritelikeaprofessionalwithoutplagiarism(ꢀ�),thereareafewlessonstolearnandthefirstoneis:"Copyfromone,it'splagiarism;copyfromtwo,it'sresearch."Thecorrectinterpretationofthisstatementisnotaboutcopying,butratheraboutcreatingyourownstyle.Whenyoustudyanauthorꢄswritingstyle,donꢄtstoponasingleone,butexplorenumerousstylesinstead.Examinetypesofsentencestheyuse,payattentiontotheirmetaphors,andfocusonstoriesyoufeelyoucouldwriteaprettycoolsequel(�IDto.Imitationisratherparadoxical.Asanintegralpartoflearning,itbringsaboutpositivechanges,makingpeopledevelopandgrow.However,itmaydoalotofharm.Copyingsomeoneꢄsthoughts,ideasorinventionsiscompletelyunacceptable.Itinfringesonintellectualpropertyrightsofothers.Still,manythingswedoareaboutcopyingothersoneway.oranother.Soifyouwanttocomplimentsomeoneontheworktheyhavedoneandimitateit,justmakesureyoudoittherightwaytoavoidcommittingplagiarism.51.Whatdopeopletendtodowhileengaginginaconversation?A)Repeatwhattheirpartnerssayonewayoranother.B)Focusasmuchaspossibleontopicsofmutualinterest.C)Imitatetheirpartnersꢄgestureswithouttheirknowingit.D)Observecarefullyhowtheirpartnersmakeuseofgestures.52.Whendoesmirroringusuallytakeplaceinaconversation?A)Whenbothsidesaresympatheticwitheachother.B)Whenbothsideshavealotofthingsincommon.C)Whenbothsidesmakeinterestingcontributions.D)Whenbothsidestrytoseekcommonground.53.Whatdowelearnaboutpopularculture?A)Itencouragespeopletoimitate.C)ꢁꢂacquaintsyoungpeoplewiththeiridols.B)Itappealsmostlytobignames.D)It.canchangepeople'smodeofcognition.54.Whyisthesaying"copyfromtwo,itꢄsresearch"alessontolearn?A)Itfacilitatesthecreationofoneꢄsownwritingstyle.B)lthelpst�:tprottxt_onꢃꢄꢅintellectµalpr9pertyrights.C)Itfosterscorrectinterpretationofprofessionalwriting..D)Itenablesonetowriteintriguingsequelstofamousstories.55.Whydoestheauthorsayimitationisratherparadoxical?A)Itisliabletodifferentinterpretations.B)Itisbyandlargeanecessaryevil.C)Jtcangiverisetoendlessdisputes.D)Itmaydoharmaswellasgood.PartNTranslation.(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.0oꢀ�20216ꢁ52