DB43∕T 2380-2022 紫苏病虫害绿色防控技术规程(湖南省)

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ICS65.020.20CCSB0543湖南省地方标准DB43/T2380—2022紫苏病虫害绿色防控技术规程Technicalcodeforgreenpreventionandcontrolofdiseasesandpestsinperilla2022-07-08发布2022-10-08实施湖南省市场监督管理局发布

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2DB43/T2380—2022目次前言························································································································Ⅲ1范围·····················································································································12规范性引用文件······································································································13术语和定义············································································································13.1绿色防控···········································································································13.2植物免疫诱抗剂·································································································14防控原则···············································································································15防控对象···············································································································15.1病害···············································································································15.2虫害···············································································································26农业防治···············································································································26.1选用良种·········································································································26.2病株移除·········································································································26.3机械深翻·········································································································26.4合理施肥·········································································································27理化诱杀···············································································································27.1灯光诱杀·········································································································27.2黄板诱杀·········································································································27.3性信息素诱杀···································································································28生物防治···············································································································28.1天敌利用·········································································································28.2生物农药利用···································································································29化学防治···············································································································310生产档案··············································································································310.1生产档案·······································································································310.2档案管理·······································································································3附录A（资料性）紫苏主要病害发生及危害特征······························································4附录B（资料性）紫苏主要虫害发生及危害特征······························································7附录C（资料性）紫苏主要病虫害防控农药名录····························································10附录D（资料性）紫苏禁用农药名目···········································································12附录E（规范性）生产技术档案记载表········································································13I

3DB43/T2380—2022II

4DB43/T2380—2022前言本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规定起草。请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。本文件由湖南省农业农村厅提出。本文件由湖南省农业标准化技术委员会归口。本文件起草单位：湖南省棉花科学研究所。本文件主要起草人：王永波、傅淋、肖才升、李庠、李彩红、曾潜、马杰、贺璐、杨春安、刘冰蕾、卜勇。III

5DB43/T2380—2022IV

6DB43/T2380—2022紫苏病虫害绿色防控技术规程1范围本文件规定了紫苏病虫害绿色防控的防控原则、防控对象、农业防治、理化诱杀、生物防治、化学防治和生产档案等。本文件适用于紫苏生产过程中的病虫害防控。2规范性引用文件下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于本文件。GB4285农药安全使用标准GB8321农药合理使用准则NY/T393绿色食品农药使用准则NY/T394绿色食品肥料使用准则3术语和定义下列术语和定义适用于本文件。3.1绿色防控greenpreventionandcontrol是指以确保农业生产、农产品质量和生态环境安全为目标，以减少化学农药使用为目的,优先采取生态调控、生物防治、物理防治和科学用药等环境友好型技术措施控制农作物病虫危害的行为。3.2植物免疫诱抗剂plantimmuneinducer能够诱导植物免疫系统使植物获得或提高对病原菌抗性的制剂。4防控原则根据紫苏不同病虫害的为害特点，坚持“预防为主，综合防治”的原则，优先采用绿色防控技术，确保紫苏产品质量安全。5防控对象5.1病害主要病害有：根腐病、立枯病、白粉病、锈病、菌核病，其发生和危害特征见附录A。1

7DB43/T2380—20225.2虫害主要害虫有：白粉虱、蚜虫、红蜘蛛、斜纹夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾，其发生和危害特征见附录B。6农业防治6.1选用良种选择优质抗病品种。6.2病株移除发现病株、残枝及其落叶，应及时拔除、清理并带出田块集中销毁，以减少病原菌发生基数。6.3机械深翻前茬作物收获后采用旋耕机深翻土壤25cm以上，灭菌、杀蛹。6.4合理施肥施肥按照NY/T394规定执行，优先施用有机肥及微生物菌肥，结合翻耕每亩施入优质农家肥2000kg～3000kg、过磷酸钙40kg～80kg、尿素15kg～20kg，均匀混合翻入土壤，促使植株生长健壮，提高抗病性和抗虫性。7理化诱杀7.1灯光诱杀使用太阳能杀虫灯诱杀害虫成虫，每15亩～20亩一盏，灯悬挂高度为1.0m～1.2m。7.2黄板诱杀于苗期每亩均匀悬挂20张～25张含蚜虫等信息素的黄板，悬挂在植株上方20cm处，随着紫苏生长调整，用来诱杀蚜虫、粉虱等。7.3性信息素诱杀田间昆虫性诱剂诱捕器于7月～8月每亩每种设置1个，设置高度离植株顶端20cm，防治斜纹夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾等夜蛾类害虫。8生物防治8.1天敌利用保护和利用田间瓢虫（Coccinellidae）、赤眼蜂（Trichogrammatid）等自然天敌。8.2生物农药利用222选择4％嘧肽霉素200ml/667m～300ml/667m、植物免疫诱抗剂如5％氨基寡糖素70ml/667m～2100ml/667m等预防紫苏病害；1.5％天然除虫菊素500倍液～800倍液、8000IU/μL苏云金杆菌2

8DB43/T2380—202222100ml/667m～150ml/667m等防治虫害。农药使用应符合GB4285、GB8321和NY/T393规定。部分药剂及使用方法见附录C。9化学防治基本要求：合理轮换，交替用药，严格控制安全间隔期。农药使用应符合GB4285、GB8321和NY/T393规定。部分药剂及使用方法见附录C，禁用药剂见附录D。22土壤处理：使用30％恶霉灵水剂400g/667m或50％敌磺钠2000g/667m兑水600kg泼浇土壤，再施入微生物菌肥处理土壤。种子处理：使用50％多菌灵可湿性粉剂500倍液浸种处理，晾干后播种。病虫害防治：可以使用1∶1∶200波尔多液每7d一次，连续喷3次。10生产档案10.1生产档案对种植品种、生产投入品、肥水管理、病虫害种类及危害程度，以及防治方法和效果等逐项如实记载，档案记录应符合附录E的规定。10.2档案管理档案由专职人员进行管理，随时整理并逐年归档，保存期限不少于3年。3

9DB43/T2380—2022附录A（资料性）紫苏主要病害发生及危害特征A.1根腐病紫苏根腐病病原菌为（Fusarium）属半知菌镰孢霉真菌，主要危害幼苗，成株期也能发病。发病初期，仅仅是个别支根和须根感病，并逐渐向主根扩展，主根感病后，早期植株不表现症状，后随着根部腐烂程度的加剧，吸收水分和养分的功能逐渐减弱，地上部分因养分供不应求，出现整株叶片发黄、枯萎等症状。A.2立枯病紫苏立枯病由立枯丝核菌（RhizoctoniasolaniKuhn）引起，一般发生在幼苗时期，发病初期不见紫苏苗倒下，发生立枯病后，茎部发生枯萎，幼苗由黄至枯死。紫苏发生立枯病后，并不见其马上倒下，但实际里面已经不会有新根长出。A.3白粉病白粉病俗称白毛病，是由瓜单丝壳菌（Sphaerotheca）引起，一种真菌性病害，病菌在田间病残体上越冬，成为翌年初侵染源，多发生于枝条中下部将硬化的或老叶片背面，枝梢嫩叶受害较轻。发病初4

10DB43/T2380—2022期叶背出现圆形白粉状小霉斑，后扩大连片，白粉严重时布满叶背，叶面与病斑对应处可见淡黄褐斑，后期白色霉斑中出现黄色小颗粒物，渐由黄变褐，最后变为黑色小粒点，即病原菌闭囊壳。A.4锈病紫苏锈病是由紫苏鞘锈菌（Coleosporiumperillaesyd）引起，病菌主要随植株病残体在土壤中越冬，翌年侵染发病，病斑上散发出大量夏孢子，随气流和雨水传播。一般在雨季发病较重，排水不良的低洼地和种植过密、通风透光较差的地块也较易发病。主要危害叶片。叶片初发病时，由下而上在叶背上出现黄白色斑点，后扩大至全株；后期病斑破裂，散发出橙黄色甚至黑色粉末状物，直至叶片枯黄脱落，提早枯死。A.5菌核病菌核病是由核盘菌（Sclerotiniascleroriorumdebary）引起的，大多呈点片零星分布，发病部位一般都在接近地表的根茎部。初期水渍状、黄褐色,扩展后成梭形绕茎病斑,略凹陷,中部白边缘褐色,与正常组织交界分明。在潮湿条件下,受害部位变白,造成秆腐,髓部形成鼠粪状黑色菌核。收获时,病株内的菌核由于早枯而落入土中或混入种子中成为翌年病原5

11DB43/T2380—20226

12DB43/T2380—2022附录B（资料性）紫苏主要虫害发生及危害特征B.1白粉虱（Trialeurodesvaporariorum）在7月底至9月下旬，紫苏易患白粉一般群集在叶片背面，使被害叶片褪绿、黄化、萎蔫，甚至全株枯死。B.2蚜虫（Aphidoidea）又称蜜虫，通常以成虫、若虫群集在叶片背面和嫩芽上吸取汁液，造成叶片卷曲、变形，植株萎缩，生长不良，繁殖特快，一旦发生若不及时防治，就能危害成灾。7

13DB43/T2380—2022B.3红蜘蛛（Tetranychuscinnbarinus）主要刺吸紫苏叶片和幼嫩部分，特别在紫苏生长中后期，危害严重，造成植株畸形、早衰。B.4斜纹夜蛾（SpodopteralituraFabricius）斜纹夜蛾是一种暴食性、杂食性害虫，叶背产卵，初孵幼虫在叶背为害，取食叶片造成许多小孔或残留透明上表皮，可通过吐丝下坠分散转移为害。4龄后食量骤增，虫口密度高时，叶片被吃光仅剩叶脉。B.5甜菜夜蛾（SpodopteraexiguaHiibner）甜菜夜蛾是一种世界性顽固害虫，具有杂食性，6月中旬初见发生。幼虫的体壁厚，排泄效应快，嫩叶上可见明显1mm～2mm粒状成堆黑色排泄物。4龄～5龄是危害暴食期，使叶片形成穿孔或缺刻，8

14DB43/T2380—2022残留表皮。取食叶片后造成伤口和污染，使植株容易感病，出现大面积黑褐色和白色霉斑。9

15DB43/T2380—2022附录C（资料性）紫苏主要病虫害防控农药名录有害生物名称防治时期农药名称使用方法安全间隔期播前30％恶霉灵水剂稀释1000～1500倍泼浇土壤7d发病初期50％多菌灵可湿性粉剂稀释500～600倍灌根10d根腐病600～800倍液喷雾，7d施药1发病初期0.5％氨基寡糖素7d次，连施2～3次稀释600倍灌根，7d施药1次，发病初期75％百菌清600倍液7d连施2～3次1000～1500倍液，7～10d喷洒立枯病发病初期30％甲霜恶霉灵可湿性粉剂7～10d1次，连续2～3次1000倍液喷雾，7d施药1次，发病初期25％粉锈宁可湿性粉剂4～7d连施2～3次500倍液，7～10d喷洒1次，连发病初期40％多菌灵硫磺胶悬剂7～10d续2次白粉病500倍液，7～10d喷洒1次，连发病初期50％甲基托布津胶悬剂7～10d续2次500倍液，3d喷洒1次，连续4～发病初期小苏打3d5次用种子重量0.4％的15％粉锈宁播种前50％甲基托布津胶悬剂7d拌种发病初期1∶1∶200的波尔多液1∶1∶200的波尔多液2～3次7～10d锈病发病初期25％粉锈宁2000倍液喷雾,15～20d喷1次15～20d发病初期25％敌力脱4000倍液喷雾，15～20d喷1次15～20d500倍液喷雾，7～10天喷1次，发病初期50％多菌灵可湿性粉剂7～10d连续2～3次500～1000倍液喷雾，7～10天喷菌核病发病初期70％甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂7～10d1次，连续2～3次50％异菌脲悬浮剂或可湿性粉1000～1500倍液喷雾，7～10天发病初期7～10d剂，50％腐霉利可湿性粉剂喷1次，连续2～3次4000～6000倍液喷雾，1d一次，白粉虱发生初期10％吡虫啉1d连防2次10

16DB43/T2380—2022有害生物名称防治时期农药名称使用方法安全间隔期发生初期50％抗蚜威可湿性粉剂2000～3000倍液喷雾7d发生初期2.5％溴氰菊脂乳油2000～3000倍液喷雾7d蚜虫发生初、盛期2.5％功夫乳油2000～3000倍液喷雾7d发生初、盛期20％速灭杀丁乳油2000～3000倍液喷雾7d1200倍液，10d喷施一次，连续发生初期73％克螨特乳油10d2～3次1500～2000倍液，10d喷施一次，红蜘蛛发生初期40％环丙杀螨醇可湿性粉剂10d连续2～3次1000倍液，10d喷施一次，连续发生初期20％三氯杀螨醇乳油10d2～3次1000倍液喷雾，10d喷施一次，发生初期2.5％灭幼脲10d连续2～3次3000倍液喷雾，10d喷施一次，斜纹夜蛾发生初期4.5％高效氯氰菊酯乳油10d连续2～3次2000～3000倍液喷雾，10d喷施发生初期5％甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸乳剂10d一次，连续2～3次4000倍液喷雾，10d喷施一次，发生初期20％除虫脲悬浮剂10d连续2～3次3000倍液喷雾，10d喷施一次，甜菜夜蛾发生初期4.5％高效氯氰菊酯乳油10d连续2～3次2000～3000倍液喷雾，10d喷施发生初期5％甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸乳剂10d一次，连续2～3次11

17DB43/T2380—2022附录D（资料性）紫苏禁用农药名目种类农药名称禁用原因滴滴涕（DDT）、六六六、林丹、甲氧高残毒DDT、硫丹、艾氏剂、有机氯杀虫剂高残留、致癌狄氏剂、毒杀芬、赛丹、八氯二丙醚、杀螟丹、定虫隆含持久性的有机污染物，有机氯杀螨剂三氯杀螨醇、三氯杀螨砜残留超标甲拌磷、乙拌磷、久效磷、对硫磷、甲基对硫磷、甲胺磷、甲基异柳磷、治螟磷、氧化乐果、磷铵、地虫硫磷、灭克磷（益收宝）、水胺硫磷、氯唑磷、硫线磷、杀扑磷、特丁硫磷、克线有机磷杀虫剂丹、苯线磷、甲基硫环磷、硫环磷、灭线磷、内吸磷、蝇毒磷、剧毒、高毒乙酰甲胺磷、乐果、磷化钙、磷化镁、磷化锌、磷化铝、三唑磷、毒死蜱、氟虫腈、乙硫磷、喹硫磷、嘧啶磷、丙溴磷、双硫磷涕灭威、克百威、灭多威、丁硫克百威、丙硫克百威、残杀威、氨基甲酸酯杀虫剂高毒、剧毒或代谢物高毒苯螨特二甲基甲脒类杀虫剂杀虫脒、杀虫环慢性毒性、致癌二溴甲烷、环氧乙烷、二溴氯丙烷、溴甲烷、氯化苦、二溴乙卤代烷类熏蒸杀虫剂致癌、致畸、高毒烷、丁醚脲砷类、甲基砷酸锌（稻脚青）、甲基砷酸钙（稻宁）、有机砷杀菌剂高残留、杂质致癌甲基砷酸铁铵（田安）、福美甲砷、福美砷、退菌特三苯基醋酸锡（薯瘟锡）、三苯基氯化锡、三苯基羟基锡（毒菌有机锡杀菌剂高残留、慢性毒性锡）有机汞杀菌剂汞制剂、氯化乙基汞（西力生）、醋酸苯汞（赛力散）剧毒、高残留五氯硝基苯、稻瘟醇（五氯苯甲醇）、稻丰散、托布津、取代苯类杀菌剂致癌、高残留、二次药害稻瘟灵、敌菌灵人工合成杀菌剂敌枯双残留长二、四-D类化合物除草剂或植物生长调节剂、氟节胺、抑芽唑、杂质致癌、漂移药害氰戊菊酯、甲氰菊酯、溴螨酯、胺菊酯、丙烯菊酯、四溴菊酯、拟除虫菊酯类使用不当残留超标氟氰戊菊酯甘氟、氟乙酰胺、氟乙酸钠、毒鼠强、灭锈胺、敌磺钠、有效有机化合物剧毒、高毒霉素、双胍辛胺、恶霜灵植物生长调节剂有机合成的植物生长调节剂和丁酰肼致畸形各类除草剂如除草醚、氯磺隆、甲磺隆、百草枯、草甘膦、胺苯磺隆、苯噻草胺、异丙甲草胺、扑草净、丁草胺、烯禾啶、除草剂残留导致药害吡氟禾草灵、喹禾灵、氟磺胺草醚、野草枯、锈灭净、乙羧氟草醚12

18DB43/T2380—2022附录E（规范性）生产技术档案记载表生产技术档案记载表见表E.1和E.2。E.1药剂使用记载档案种植面积（亩）品种及来源区域害虫施药日期药剂名称及有效农药登生产施用方式序号效果记载人（病害）（月日）成分含量记号厂家及浓度12…注1：根据农药使用顺序逐项记载注2：用量为每亩用量，农药计量单位用毫升（ml）或克（g）E.2投入品登记档案种植区域面积（亩）品种及来源使用日期序号品名剂型生产厂家用量记载人备注（月日）12…注1：根据投入品使用顺序逐项记载注2：用量为每亩用量，农药计量单位用毫升（ml）或克（g），化肥计量单位用公斤（kg）13