DB43∕T 2385-2022 茶树人工杂交育种技术规程(湖南省)

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ICS65.020.20CCSB0543湖南省地方标准DB43/T2385—2022茶树人工杂交育种技术规程Technicalregulationsforteaplantartificialhybridizationbreeding2022-07-08发布2022-10-08实施湖南省市场监督管理局发布

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2DB43/T2385—2022目次前言························································································································Ⅲ1范围·····················································································································12规范性引用文件······································································································13术语和定义············································································································14亲本选择与组合选配································································································15母树培育···············································································································26花粉采集与贮藏······································································································27授粉·····················································································································28授粉后茶园管理······································································································29果实采收、考种与贮藏·····························································································310播种····················································································································311F1代单株移栽········································································································312档案管理··············································································································4附录A（资料性）杂交组合授粉档案记载·······································································5附录B（资料性）杂交授粉结实率统计表·······································································6I

3DB43/T2385—2022II

4DB43/T2385—2022前言本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规定起草。请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。本文件由湖南省农业农村厅提出。本文件由湖南省农业技术标准委员会归口。本文件起草单位：湖南省茶叶研究所、湖南湘波绿茶叶科技有限公司本文件主要起草人：雷雨、李赛君、段继华、黄飞毅、康彦凯、罗意、丁玎、陈莹玉、陈宇宏。III

5DB43/T2385—2022IV

6DB43/T2385—2022茶树人工杂交育种技术规程1范围本文件规定了茶树[Camelliasinensis（L.）O.Kuntze]人工杂交育种技术的亲本选择和组合选配、母树培养、花粉采集与贮藏、授粉、授粉后茶园管理、杂交果实采收、考种与贮藏、播种育苗、F1代单株移栽、档案管理。本文件适用于茶树人工杂交育种。2规范性引用文件下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于本文件。GB11767茶树种苗NY/T1312农作物种质资源鉴定技术规程茶树NY/T2019茶树短穗扦插技术规程NY/T5018茶叶生产技术规程3术语和定义下列术语和定义适用于本文件。3.1茶树人工杂交育种artificialhybridizationbreedingoftea用不同基因型的育种材料采用人工杂交方法获得杂种F1代，从F1代中择优育成符合生产要求的茶树新品种的过程。4亲本选择与组合选配4.1亲本选择原则4.1.1具有育种目标性状。4.1.2具有较多优良性状，且没有突出缺点。4.1.3具有特殊优异性状的种质资源。4.2组合选配原则4.2.1父母本性状互补4.2.2母本适应性强，能适应当地气候及栽培条件，结实率不低于12％。1

7DB43/T2385—20224.2.3父母本花期基本一致5母树培育应选择8龄～20龄青壮年茶树；在杂交前一年的秋冬季或当年春季剪除老弱、病、虫枝和压短徒长枝。适当增施磷、钾肥，氮、磷、钾的比例应接近1∶1∶1。6花粉采集与贮藏6.1采集工具准备干燥器、毛笔、吊牌、镊子、烧杯或培养皿、羊皮纸袋等。6.2采集方法采集父本茶树上松动、乳白色的含苞待放的花蕾，用羊皮纸袋装好后贮放于干燥器中。第二天用镊子夹住花柄，轻轻剥开花瓣，并敲打振动，使花粉散落在烧杯或培养皿中，收集完后贴上品种标签。6.3贮藏采集的花粉宜当天使用，如需贮存可选择1℃～5℃冰箱中低温干燥保存，时间不超过7天。7授粉7.1时间一般在10月～11月，母本茶树50～75％花朵达自然开放的盛花期，选择无风、无露水的晴天上午进行；阴天柱头有粘性，可整天进行。7.2方法7.2.1选取茶丛中部或中下部着生在短枝上发育良好的含苞待放的花蕾挂上标签，并摘除该枝条上其它花蕾。7.2.2去除雄蕊（雄蕊要去除干净，不能损伤柱头），用毛笔轻轻地蘸取花粉授在雌蕊柱头上，直至肉眼看到柱头上沾有金黄色花粉。7.2.3授粉后及时套上羊皮纸袋防止其它花粉串入，授粉5天～7天柱头枯萎后取羊皮纸袋。8授粉后茶园管理8.1施肥管理22重施基肥，增施磷钾肥。立冬之后施用200kg～250kg/667m菜子饼或1000kg～1200kg/667m农家肥，并配合尿素等其他肥料均匀施入。8.2病虫草害防治按NY/T5018规定执行。2

8DB43/T2385—20229果实采收、考种与贮藏9.1果实采收霜降前后7天，当70％～80％茶果果皮呈棕褐色或绿褐色失去光泽时，按不同杂交组合及时对杂交果实进行采收，统计结实率并进行考种。9.2考种按NY/T1312规定执行。9.3贮藏9.3.1采用沙藏，即将茶籽摊放在地面不返潮的阴凉房间内，厚度约15cm，并用厚度约3cm的湿润的细沙覆盖。9.3.2需长时间贮藏的采用木箱或木桶等容器，在其底部铺上一层细沙，把茶籽和湿沙按1∶1比例拌匀，放于容器中，在其顶部铺上细沙和稻草。每隔10天～15天检查一次，发现霉变及时捡剔，如细砂泛白，宜撒清水保湿（以湿而不漏为宜）。10播种10.1整地作畦10.1.1整地播种前苗圃地翻耕两次，第一次在10月底至11月初，将苗圃地全面深翻，深度为30cm，10天～15天后进行第二次翻耕；第二次翻耕10cm左右，结合平整土地，每亩撒施粉碎菜饼150kg，肥料与表土均匀混合。10.1.2作畦开畦面宽1m，沟深0.3m；铺3～5cm心土（以白沙土为佳），整平后划行，行距8cm。10.2浸种将茶籽放于盛有3％的多菌灵（含量50％）容器中浸泡3天～5天，每天换水1次，浮在水面的种子剔除。10.3播种11月至次年3月进行播种，采用条播，行距8cm，株距3cm。10.4苗期管理按NY/T2019规定执行。11F1代单株移栽以亲本和国家级对照种为对照，选择优良单株进行移栽，苗木质量应符合GB11767的规定。3

9DB43/T2385—202212档案管理对杂交育种区域的气候、田间管理、杂交过程、亲本信息等相关信息建立档案材料；并有专人对档案进行整理、归档，长期保存，需纸质版和电子版同时保存。4

10DB43/T2385—2022附录A（资料性）杂交组合授粉档案记载年份：序号组合编号母本名称父本名称授粉花数授粉时间授粉地点天气5

11DB43/T2385—2022附录B（资料性）杂交授粉结实率统计表年份：序号组合编号授粉挂牌数（个）收果数（个）结实率（％）6