听力辅导必备词汇与缩写

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听力辅导必备词汇与缩写一、地理河流：Danube多瑙河(欧洲南部河流)Nile尼罗河(非洲东北部河流)Rhine莱茵河(源出瑞士境内的阿尔卑斯山,贯穿西欧多国)Mississippi密西西比河(发源于美国中北部湖沼区,南注墨西哥湾Seine塞纳河[法国]Amazon亚马逊河(南美洲大河)山脉：Alps阿尔卑斯山Himalayas喜马拉雅山脉Everest珠穆朗玛峰(世界最高峰)Rockies洛矶山脉二、国际机构、组织的缩写ABCwarfare:Atomic-biological-chemicalwarfare原子、生物、化学战ABMTreaty:Anti-BallisticMissileTreaty反弹道导弹条约ADB:AsianDevelopmentBank亚洲发展银行AIDS:AcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome获得性免疫缺陷综合症AID:AgencyforInternationalDevelopment国际开发总署APEC:Asia-PacificEconomicCooperation亚太经合组织ARATS:AssociationforRelationsAcrossTaiwanStraights海峡两岸关系协会ASEAN:AssociationofSoutheastAsianNations东南亚国家联盟

1ATM:AutomaticTellerMachine自动取款机BP:BritishPetroleumCompany英国石油公司BSE:BovineSpongiformEncephalopathy疯牛病CIA:CentralIntelligenceAgency中央情报局CIS:CommonwealthofIndependentStates独联体Commonwealth英联邦国家CPPCC:ChinesePeople’sPoliticalConsultativeConference（中国）全国人民政治协商会议CTBT:ComprehensiveTestBanTreaty全面禁止核武器条约DPRK:TheDemocraticPeople'sRepublicofKorea朝鲜民主主义人民共和国DMZ:DemilitarizedZone非军事区ERM:ExchangeRateMechanism欧洲货币体系汇率机制EU:EuropeanUnion欧盟FBI:FederalBureauofInvestigation美国联邦调查局GATT:theGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade关贸总协定GMT:GreenwichMeanTime=UniversalTime格林尼治时间/世界时间GNP:GrossNationalProduct国民生产总值GDP:GrossDomesticProduct国内生产总值HAMAS:哈马斯IAEA:InternationalAtomicEnergyAgency国际原子能机构ICRC:InternationalCommitteeoftheRedCross国际红十字委员会ILO:InternationalLaborOrganization国际劳工组织(联合国)IMF:InternationalMonetaryFund（联合国）国际货币基金组织

2IOC:InternationalOlympicCommittee国际奥林匹克委员会IRA：IrishRepublicanArmy爱尔兰共和军IPR:Intellectualpropertyrights知识产权LCD:LiquidCrystalDisplay液晶显示屏LSE:LondonStockExchange纽约证券交易所M&A:MergerandAcquisition兼并与收购MP:MemberofParliament（英国）下院议员NAM:Non-alignedMovement不结盟运动NASA:NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration（美国）国家航空和航天局NATO:NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization北大西洋公约组织NBA:NationalBasketballAssociation美国职业篮球联赛NGO:Non-governmentalOrganization非政府机构NMD:NationalMissileDefense国家导弹防御系统NPC:NationalPeople’sCongress（中国）全国人民代表大会OAU:OrganizationofAfricanUnity非统，非洲统一组织OFT:OfficeofFairTrading公平交易局OPEC:OrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries欧佩克石油输出国家组织OTC:Over-the-Counter场外交易/非处方药PLO:PalestineLiberationOrganization巴勒斯坦解放组织PNTR:PermanentNormalTradeRelation永久正常贸易关系ROK:RepublicofKorea韩国SAR:SpecialAdministrativeRegion（香港/澳门）特别行政区SARS:SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome

3SEF:StraitsExchangeFoundation(台湾)海峡交流基金会SEZ:SpecialEconomicZone(中国)经济特区UPU:UniversalPostalUnion万国邮政联盟UNESCO:UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization联合国教科文组织UNDP:UnitedNations’FoodandAgricultureOrganization联合国开发计划署UNICEF：UnitedNationsChildren'sFund联合国儿童基金会WB:WorldBank世界银行WFP:WorldFoodProgram(联合国)世界粮食计划署WHO:WorldHealthOrganization世界卫生组织WTO:WorldTradeOrganization世贸组织WTO:WorldTourismOrganization世界旅游组织三、国际政要科菲·安南(KofiA.Annan)联合国秘书长金正日(KimJongIl)朝鲜领导人小泉纯一郎(JunichiroKoizumi)日本首相亚西尔·阿拉法特(YasserArafat)巴勒斯坦民族权力机构主席阿里埃勒·沙龙(ArielSharon)以色列总理沙龙卡扎菲(Gaddafi)利比亚领导人托尼·布莱尔(TonyBlair)英国首相弗拉基米尔·普京(VladimirPutin)俄罗斯联邦总统

4康多莉扎·赖斯(CondoleezzaRice)美国国务卿科林·卢瑟·鲍威尔(ColinLutherPowell)美国前任国务卿(SecretaryofState)艾伦·格林斯潘(AlanGreenspan)美联储主席（BoardofGovernors/ChairmanoftheFederalReserveSystem）四、词汇归类如在巴以冲突的新闻中,Israel,Palestinianleader,withdraw撤军,WestBank,terrorist,Jerusalem,HAMAS,等等是“出镜率”较高的词汇。五、新闻词汇新闻动词：普通动词词义aid：help帮助ask：require要求back：support支持ban：prohibit禁止bid：attempt试图check：examine检查curb：control/restrict控制cut：reduce减少end：terminate终止face：confront对抗head：direct指导hurt：injure伤害kill：murder谋杀launch：begin开始poise：readyforaction准备行动use：utilize使用voice：express表示top：exceed超过trade：exchange交易talk：negotiation谈判听力辅导:缩写与SpotDictation

5一、缩写练习：第一段缩写训练答案：Manypl’sfavoritehobissports.Tyspend+-thrsprtmplay(g)teamgamelikefootb/baseb,gamesfor(4)2/4pl,liketennis,orgolf.Smpllike2prac.Indivsptlikerun(g)/swim(g).Plusuallyprac.Spt4atleast3reason.1st,tyenjoyit&2st,tyfeel.Nd2kpfit__tttyfeel+2aftertyhadsmexer.逐句讲解Manypl’sfavoritehobissports.pl=peopleTyspend+-thrsprtmplay(g)teamgamelikefootb/baseb,Ty=theythr=theirthm=them+=much++/+2=more+3=most－=little－2＝less－3＝leastthemostbeautifulgirl=+3beautifulgirlthehighestmountain=+3high-=ofspr=spare(g)＝inggame=gmfootb=footballbaseb=baseball/=orgamesfor(4)2/4pl,4=for2/4=2or4liketennis,orgolf.Smpllike2prac.csptlikerun(g)/swim(g).Sm=somePl=people2=toprac=practice.=a/anindiv=individualrun(g)=runningswim(g).=swimming/=orPlusuallyprac.Spt4atleast3reason.Pl=peopleprac=practice.=aspt=sport1st,tyenjoyit&2st,tyfeel.Nd2kpfit__tttyfeel+2aftertyhadsmexer.1st=First,ty=they&=and.Nd=needkp=keep_=in-=oftt=thatb+2=betterm+2=moresm＝someexer＝exercise

6注意：SpotDictation中少用符号第一段缩写训练原文Manypeople’sfavoritehobbyissports.Theyspendmuchoftheirsparetimeplayingteamgameslikefootballorbaseball,gamesfortwoorfourpeople,liketennis,orgolf.Somepeopleliketopracticeanindividualsportlikerunningorswimming.Peopleusuallypracticeasportforatleastthreereasons.First,theyenjoyitandsecond,theyfeelaneedtokeepfitinthattheyfeelbetteraftertheyhadsomeexercise.二、缩写4种方法：1、拿掉所有元音Eg.market--------mktstandard------stdmessage------msgreceive-------rcv2、保留开头几个字母Eg.Information-----infoInsurance------InsExchange-----exchIndividual-----indivTheSTDｎ–MKTIRCV.MSGfrmthindivplIwanttoexchinfowithu3、保留开头和结尾Eg.Week-----wkNeed-----ndMeet------mtRoom-----rm4、根据发音Eg.Are-------rThough---thoThrough---thru三、缩写中的常用缩略词

7Good----gdimportant-----impInclude---incdmarket-----mktSituation----sitnregular-----regllife=lfReference----refnecessary---ncryApartment----apt　　　　apt右上方加ｍ　ｍ表示ment后缀according----acdg(g=ing)Advertisement----adadvice----advamount—AMTconform----cfmCondition----condUndernoconditionbynomeansdepartment-----deptExplain----explnimpossible----impsModel---mdlobserve----obsOrdinary----ordaccept----acptBalance----balcancel----cnclExchange----exchindividual----indivPosition----posnproduct----prodRepresentative---reprepeat----rptPlease----plspossible-----possReceive----rcv练习部分　thisisagoodimportantmarkethereisthenecessaryadviceIwantIwillacceptthepositionasamanager频率高的词用缩写考试时尽量用学过的缩写，不要用太多四、地名简写：Korea:KSweden:SDSwitzerland:SWAustralia:AAIsrael:ISItaly:ITSpain:SP通常是提取国家单词的首字母

8五、缩写中较长单词的处理：-ism----meg.Socialism社会主义S(m):local-tion----neg.Standardization原始化std(n)凡是从原始动词延伸出来的各种形容词、名字、副词，只需写出动词，各种形式从缩写的右上方进行添加处理。-ing----geg.Marketing=mkt(g)-ment----mteg.Amendment=amend(mt)-ble----bleg.Available=av(bl)注：遇到以able或ible为后缀的词，可以提取bl作为信息点写在这个词的右上方-ful---------fleg.Meaningfulmn(fl)复习一下：缩写的四种方法是：1、拿掉原因保留　　2、保留开头几个字母3、保留开头和结尾4、根据发音缩写地名和较长单词的缩写方法六、本单元测试Butsptisnotjust4participants.Its4spect(o)too.M–plallovertheworldspendhseverywkwatch(g)spteventontv,/atstadiums.Plenjoybe(g)fans/supp(o)–1team&manyprof.arenowaspop&fameasthe+3greatHollywdmoviestar.逐句分析：Butsptisnotjust4participants.But＝向上的箭头或自己创造spt＝sport4＝for注：遇到动词延伸的人称，可以写出动词后在右上角划一个圆圈ｅｇ：work(0)=workerteach(0)=teacher核心词compete及延伸词compete=compcomp(o)=competitorcomp(v)=competitive注：缩写词右上方加v表示那些以ive结尾的形容词comp(n)=competitioncomp(g)=competingIts4spect(o)too.spect(o)=spectator

9M–plallovertheworldspendhseverywkwatch(g)spteventontv,/atstadiums.M=millionsT=thousandH=hundred另一种用符号表示的方式右上方加1个“′”＝thousand右上方加2个“′”＝millions右上方加3个“′”=trillion–=ofpl=peoplehs=hourswk=weekwatch(g)=watchingspt=sport/=orPlenjoybe(g)fans/supp(o)–1team&manyprof.arenowaspop&fameasthe+3greatHollywdmoviestar。Pl=Peoplebe(g)=beingfans/=“fans”orsupporter=supp(o)–=of1=oneteam&many=teamandmanyprof.=professionalspop=popularfame=famous&=andthe+3great=thegreatest原文展示：Butsportisnotjustforparticipants.Itsforspectatorstoo.Millionsofpeopleallovertheworldspendhourseveryweekwatchingsportseventsontelevision,oratstadiums.Peopleenjoybeing“fans”or“supporters”ofoneteamandmanyprofessionalsarenowaspopularandfamousasthegreatestHollywoodmoviestars.七、第三单元学习方法综述注意：每天做30分钟精听，用缩写的方式记忆听到的内容。