高温超导体的超快光谱学

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1、高温超导体的超快光谱学吴穹田义超吴艳玲赵继民中国科学院物理研究所北京凝聚态物理国家实验室高温超导机理至今仍是物理学的未解之谜，是凝聚态物理学皇冠上的明珠.在众多以光学手段研宄超导体的方法之中，超快光谱是最精湛的观测方法之-和最强有力的调控手段之一.它能够在电荷、晶格、自旋、轨道等自由度与超导体全方位地相互作用，并能探测其激发态，能够在准粒子的超快过程、晶格相干性的调控、电子-声子耦合强度的观测、界面超导体系的探测等方面实现一些其他实验方法所不能实现的研究.木文结合只体实例介绍高温超导体的超快动力学和超快光谱学的进展，展示该方法在准粒子激

2、发态、玻色子相干态、激光诱导的超导、界面超导等研究屮的特色和独到优势，并对该领域进行展望.关键词：高温超导;超快动力学;超快光谱学;激发态;相干态;赵继民E-mail:jmzhao@iphy.ac.cn：2017-07-26基金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFA0303603,2016YFA0300300)Ultrafastopticalspectroscopyofhigh-temperaturesuperconductorsWUQiongTIANHChaoWUYanLingZHAOJiMinBeijingNationalLaborat

3、oryforCondensedMatterPhysics,InstituteofPhysics，ChineseAcademyofSciences;Abstract：Themechanismofhigh-temperaturesuperconductivityisstillanunsolvedmysteryinphysics,anditisthe“pearlinthecrown”ofcondensedmatterphysics.Amongthenumerousopticalmethodsinvestigatingsuperconducto

4、rs,ultrafastspectroscopyisoneofthemostexquisitemethodsandthemostpowerfulcontrolmeans.Itcaninteractwithsuperconductorsinallthecharge，lattice,spinandorbitaldegreesoffreedom.Itcanprobetheexcitedstateofsuperconductors.Itcanuniquelyrealizeinvestigationsoftheultrafastprocesses

5、ofquasiparticles,thecoherencecontroloflattices,electron-phononcouplingstrength,andtheinterfacesuperconductivity.Herewebrieflyreviewtheultrafastopticalspectroscopy(especiallytheultrafastdynamics)investigationsofhightemperaturesuperconductors,withconcreteexamples.Particula

6、rly,wedemonstratetheuniquevirtuesofthisexperimentalmethodintheobservationandrealizationofquasiparticleexcitedstates,bosoniccoherentstates,laser-inducedsuperconductivity,andinterfacesuperconductivity.Wegivetheprospectofthisareaattheend.Thecomplexity,profundityandserendipi

7、tyofsuperconductivityquitemuchrootinitsbridgingbetweenbothfermionsandbosonsinthecondensedmatters—asoliduniverse.Ultrafastspectroscopycanprobeboththeelectronsandbosoniccollectiveelementaryexcitations,thusmakingitfeasibleforrevealingthesuperconductingmechanism.Thetime-reso

8、lvedmeasurementsprovidedirectevidencesofthesuperconductingBose-Einsteincondensateandcluestodistinguishi