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1、Wiggins,S.(2009).Discourseanalysis.InHarryT.Reis&SusanSprecher(Eds.),EncyclopediaofHumanRelationships.Pp.427-430.ThousandOaks,CA:Sage.DiscourseanalysisDiscourseanalysisisanumbrellatermforarangeofmethodologicalapproachesthatanalysetheuseandfunctionsoftalkandt
2、extwithinsocialinteraction.Theseapproachesareusedacrosssocialsciencedisciplinessuchaspsychology,sociology,linguistics,anthropologyandcommunicationstudies.Discourseanalysisisinterdisciplinaryinnature,developedfromworkwithinspeechacttheory,ethnomethodologyands
3、emiologyaswellaspost-structuralisttheoristssuchasMichelFoucaultandJacquesDerrida,andthelaterworksofphilosopherLudwigWittgenstein.Discourseanalysisapproachesarecrucialforunderstandinghumanrelationshipsbecausetheyfocusprimarilyoninteraction:howwetalktoeachothe
4、randthediscursivepractices(talking,writing)throughwhichrelationshipsdevelop,fallapartandsoon.Thisentrycoverscentralfeaturesofdiscourseanalysis,methodologicalissuesandsomeofthemostcommonlyusedversionsofdiscourseanalysis.Commonfeaturesofdiscourseanalyticalappr
5、oachesDiscourseanalysisapproachescombineasetoftheoreticalassumptionsaboutwhatdiscourseisandhowitisused,witharigorousmethodologythatdetermineswhatkindofdataisappropriateandhowthisshouldbeanalysed.Thedistinctionsbetweendifferentversionsofdiscourseanalysishasle
6、dtomanyheateddebateswithinthefield,particularlywhereresearchersareworkingwithinaspecificdiscipline(suchaspsychology).Thereare,however,underlyingcommonalitiesacrossdiscourseanalysisapproaches.First,mosttheoristsagreethatdiscourse–allformsoftalkandtext(andfors
7、omeresearchers,thisincludesbodilymovementsoreyegazewithinsocialinteraction)–iscentraltoeverydaylife,andthus,tohumanrelationships.Theterm‘discourse’iscommonlyusedtohighlightthefocusonlanguageuseratherthangrammaticalorlinguisticfeatures.Thesecondareaofcommonal
8、ityistheassumptionthatdiscourseissocialaction;thatsocialpracticesareperformedinandthroughdiscourse.Thisisseeninthreeways.First,discourseistreatedasconstructingorconstitutingtheworld.Thatis,disco
