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1、汽车知识基础CHAPTER1AUTOMOTIVEBASICS1.1PrincipalComponents"Today'saveragecarcontainsmorethan15,000separate,individualpartsthatmustworktogether.Thesepartscangroupedintofourmajorcategories:engine,body,chassisandelectricalequipment・layoutofapassengercarlayoutofacommercalvhicle1.2EngineT
2、heengineactsasthepowerunit.Theinternalcombustionengineismostcommon:thisobtainsitspowerbyburningaliquidfuelinsidetheenginecylinder.Therearetwotypesofengine:gasoline(alsocalledaspark-ignitionengine)anddiesel(alsocalledacompressiorrignitionengine).Bothenginesarecalledheatengines;t
3、heburningfuelgeneratesheatwhichcausesthegasinsidethecylindertoincreaseitspressureandsupplypowertorotateashaftconnectedtothetransmission・1.1BodyAnautomobilebodyisasheetmetalshellwithwindows,doors,ahood,andatrunkdeckbuiltintoit・Itprovidesaprotectivecoveringfortheengine,passengers
4、,andcargo.Thebodyisdesignedtokeeppassengerssafeandcomfortable・Thebodystylingprovidesanattractive,colorful,modernappearanceforthevehicle・1.2ChassisThechassisisanassemblyofthosesystemsthatarethemajoroperatingpartofavehicle・Thechassisineludesthetransmission,suspension,steering,and
5、brakesystems・Tensmissionsystems—conveysthedrivetothewheels.Themaincomporientsareclutch,gearbox,driveshaft,finaldrive,anddifferential.Suspension—absorbstheroadshocks.Steering—controlsthedirectionofthemovement.Brake—slowsdownthevehicle・1.3ElectricalEquipmentTheelectricalsystemsup
6、plieselectricityfortheignition,horn,lights,heater,andstarter.Theelectricitylevelismaintainedbyachargingcircuit・Thiscircuitconsistsofthebattery,alternator(orgenerator)・Thebatterystoreselectricity.Thealternatorchangestheengine'smechanicalenergyintoelectricalenergyandrechargestheb
7、attery・NewWordsPrincipalcomponent主耍部件category种类,类型body车身chassis底盘layout布??powerunit动力装究internalcombustionengine内燃机cylinder汽缸gasoline汽油spark火花ignition点燃,点火diesel柴油机compression压缩shaft轴transmission传动系sheetmetal金属板shell外壳hood(发动机)罩trunkdeck行李舱盖cargo货物styling样式assembly总成,装配suspensio
8、n悬挂,悬直shock冲击steering转向,操纵brake刹车,制动器clutch离介器gearbox变