市场结构2[演示模板、实例].ppt

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1、MARKETSTRUCTURE市場結構ConceptTourWhatisa“MARKET”?TooSimple!Whatisa“MARKET”?InEconomics,aMarketisdefinedasacontextinwhichexchangeofgoodsandservicesbetweensellersandbuyerstakesplace.AMarketexistswheneveratransactionismade.Fourfeatures:1.LargeNo.ofBuyers&Sellers2.Homo

2、geneousProducts3.FreeEntry&Exit4.PerfectMarketInformationPerfectCompetitionLargeNo.ofBuyers&SellerstheactionofanindividualbuyerorsellerisunabletoaffectthemarketpriceBuyersSellersPerfectCompetitionHomogeneousProductstheproductsinthemarketmustbeidenticalintheeyeso

3、fconsumersPerfectCompetitionFreeEntryandExitFirmsarefreetoentryorleavethemarketWelcometoPerfectlyCompetitiveMarketExit!!PerfectCompetitionEntry!!PerfectMarketInformationBuyers&Sellersknowallmarketinformationaboutgoodse.g.PriceQualityQuantityPerfectCompetitionExa

4、mple:ThestockexchangeisacloseexamplePerfectCompetitionFourFeatures:1.LargeNo.ofBuyers&Sellers2.DifferentiatedProducts3.FreeEntry&Exit4.ImperfectMarketInformationSameasP.C.SameasP.C.MonopolisticCompetitionProductDifferentiationAfirmcanuseproductdifferentiationtop

5、romotesales.Techniquesare:MonopolisticCompetitionnewdesignsadvertisingbrandingImperfectInformationoftheMarketSellers&Buyersdon’thaveperfectinfo.onprice&qualityofgoodsMonopolisticCompetitionExample:RiceisanexampleMonopolisticCompetitionFourfeatures:1.AFewDominant

6、Sellers2.SimilarbutDifferentiatedProducts3.EntryisRestricted4.ImperfectMarketInformationOligopolySameasP.C.&M.C.OligopolyFewdominantsellersOligopolieshastoconsiderthereactionsofotherfirmsbeforemakinganydecisionpricerigiditypriceleadershipnon-pricecompetitionMark

7、etbehavior:SimilarbutDifferentiateProductstheproductsareclosesubstitutestooneanotherOligopolyEntryisRestricteditisdifficultbecauseofgovernmentregulation/hugecapital/technologicalrequirementsImperfectlyCompetitiveMarketEntry?OligopolySameasM.C.&O.FourFeatures:1.O

8、nlyOnesellerinthewholemarket2.Noclosesubsitiute3.HighlyDifficult(evenimpossible)toEntry4.Imperfect(highlyrestricted)MarketInformationMonopolyOnlyOneSellerintheWholeMa