平狄克-微观经济学-课件-PPT-第一章-Preliminaries.ppt

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1、Chapter1Preliminaries1Chapter1TopicstobeDiscussedTheThemesofMicroeconomicsWhatIsaMarket?RealVersusNominalPricesWhyStudyMicroeconomics?PreliminariesMicroeconomicsdealswith:BehaviorofindividualunitsWhenConsumingHowwechoosewhattobuyPreliminariesMicroeconomicsdealswith:Behaviorofindividualunits

2、WhenProducingHowwechoosewhattoproducePreliminariesMicroeconomicsdealswith:Markets:TheinteractionofconsumersandproducersPreliminariesMacroeconomicsdealswith:Analysisofaggregateissues:EconomicgrowthInflationUnemploymentPreliminariesTheLinkageBetweenMicroandMacro-economicsMicroeconomicsisthefo

3、undationofmacroeconomicanalysisTheThemesofMicroeconomicsAccordingtoMickJagger*&theRollingStones“Youcan’talwaysgetwhatyouwant”*EconomicsdegreefromLondonSchoolofEconomicsTheThemesofMicroeconomicsWhyNot?LimitedResourcesTheThemesofMicroeconomicsMicroeconomicsAllocationofScarceResourcesandTrade-

4、offsInaplannedeconomyInamarketeconomyTheThemesofMicroeconomicsMicroeconomicsandOptimalTrade-offs1.ConsumerTheory2.Workers3.TheoryoftheFirmTheThemesofMicroeconomicsMicroeconomicsandPricesTheroleofpricesinamarketeconomyHowpricesaredeterminedTheoriesandModelsMicroeconomicAnalysisTheoriesareuse

5、dtoexplainobservedphenomenaintermsofasetofbasicrulesandassumptions.ForexampleTheTheoryoftheFirmTheTheoryofConsumerBehaviorTheoriesandModelsMicroeconomicAnalysisModels:amathematicalrepresentationofatheoryusedtomakeaprediction.TheoriesandModelsMicroeconomicAnalysisValidatingaTheoryThevalidity

6、ofatheoryisdeterminedbythequalityofitsprediction,giventheassumptions.TheoriesandModelsMicroeconomicAnalysisEvolvingtheTheoryTestingandrefiningtheoriesiscentraltothedevelopmentofthescienceofeconomics.PositiveVersusNormativeAnalysisPositiveAnalysisPositiveanalysisistheuseoftheoriesandmodelst

7、opredicttheimpactofachoice.Forexample:Whatwillbetheimpactofanimportquotaonforeigncars?Whatwillbetheimpactofanincreaseinthegasolineexcisetax?PositiveversusNormativeAnalysisNormativeAnalysisNormativeanalysisaddressesissuesfromtheperspectiveof“Whatoughttob