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1、新视野三版读写B2U5TextASpendorsave—Thestudent'sdilemma1DoyoufeelasconfusedandmanipulatedasIdowiththisquestion,"ShouldIspendorshouldIsave?"Ithinkthatthemessageswegetfromourenvironmentseemtodefycommonsenseandcontradicteachother.Thegovernmenttelsustospendorwe'lnevergetoutoftherecession.Att
2、hesametime,theytelusthatunlesswesavemore,ourcountryisingravedanger.Banksofferhigherinterestratessoweincreasesavings.Thenthesamebankssenduscreditcardofferssowecanspendmore.2Here'sanotherfamiliarexample:Ifwedon'tpayourcreditcardbilontime,wegetdemanding,nastyemailsfromthecreditcardc
3、ompanysayingsomethinglike:"Yourfailuretopayisunacceptable.Payimmediatelyoryou'lbeintrouble!"Then,assoonaswepay,wegetafolow-upemailinacharmingtonetelingushowvaluableacustomerweareandencouragingustoresumespending.Whichdepictioniscorrect:afailingconsumerintroubleoravaluedcustomer?Th
4、egapbetweenthesetwomessagesisenormous.3Theparadoxisthateverydaywegettwosetsofmessagesatoddswitheachother.Oneisthe"permissive"perspective,"Buy,spend,getitnow.Youneedthis!"Theotherwecouldcalan"upright"message,whichurgesus,"Workhardandsave.Suspendyourdesires.Avoidluxuries.Controlyou
5、rappetiteformorethanyoutrulyneed."Thismessagecomestousfrommanysources:fromschool,fromparents,evenfrompoliticalfiguresreferringto"traditionalvalues".Hardwork,familyloyalty,andthecapacitytopostponedesiresarecoreAmericanvaluesthathavemadeourcountrygreat.*4Buttheoppositemessage,adver
6、tising'spermissivemessage,isinescapable.Thoughsometimesdisguised,themessagesareeverywherewelook:onTV,inmoviesonprintedmediaandroadsigns,instores,andonbuses,trainsandsubways.Advertisementsinvadeourdailylives.Weareconstantlysurroundedbythemessagetospend,spend,spend.Someonerecentlys
7、aid,"Theonlytimeyoucanescapeadvertisingiswhenyou'reinyourbedasleep!"5It'sbeencalculatedthatbytheageof18,theaverageAmericanwilhaveseen600,000ads;bytheageof40,thetotalisalmostonemilion.Eachadvertisementisdoingitsutmosttoinfluenceourdiversebuyingdecisions,fromthebreakfastcerealweeat
8、towhichcruiselinewewiluseforourvacation.
