弹性模型-毕业论文外文翻译

弹性模型-毕业论文外文翻译

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1、附录1外文翻译原文3.2Elasticmodels3.2.1AnisotropyAnisotropicmaterialhasthesamepropertiesinalldirections—wecannotdis-tinguishanyonedirectionfromanyother.Samplestakenoutofthegroundwithanyorientationwouldbehaveidentically.However,weknowthatsoilshavebeendepositedinsomeway—forexample,

2、sedimentarysoilswillknowabouttheverticaldirectionofgravitationaldeposition.Theremayinadditionbeseasonalvariationsintherateofdepositionsothatthesoilcontainsmoreorlessmarkedlayersofslightlydifferentgrainsizeand/orplasticity.Thescaleoflayeringmaybesuffcientlysmallthatwedono

3、twishtotrytodistinguishseparatematerials,butthelayeringtogetherwiththedirectionaldepositionmayneverthelessbesuffcienttomodifytheproperiesofthesoilindifferentdirections—inotherwordstocauseittobeanisotropic.Wecanwritethestiffnessrelationshipbetweenelasticstrainincrementand

4、stressincrementcompactlyaswhereisthestiffnessmatrixandhenceisthecompliancematrix.Foracompletelygeneralanisotropicelasticmaterialwhereeachlettera,b,...is,inprinciple,anindependentelasticpropertyandthenecessarysymmetryofthesti?nessmatrixfortheelasticmaterialhasreducedthema

5、ximumnumberofindependentpropertiesto21.Assoonastherearematerialsymmetriesthenthenumberofindependentelasticpropertiesfalls(Crampin,1981).Forexample,formonoclinicsymmetry(zsymmetryplane)thecompliancematrixhastheform:andhasthirteenelasticconstants.Orthorhombicsymmetry(disti

6、nctx,yandzsymmetryplanes)givesnineconstants:whereascubicsymmetry(identicalx,yandzsymmetryplanes,togetherwithplanesjoiningoppositesidesofacube)givesonlythreeconstants:Figure3.9:Independentmodesofshearingforcross-anisotropicmaterialIfweaddthefurtherrequirementthatandsetand

7、,thenwerecovertheisotropicelasticcompliancematrixof(3.1).Thoughitisobviouslyconvenientifgeotechnicalmaterialshavecertainfabricsymmetrieswhichconferareductioninthenumberofindependentelasticproperties,ithastobeexpectedthatingeneralmaterialswhichhavebeenpushedaroundbytecton

8、icforces,byice,orbymanwillnotpossessanyofthesesymmetriesand,insofarastheyhaveadomainofelasticresponse,w

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