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1、内蒙古科技大学毕业设计说明书摘要氯碱,就是氯碱工业,也指使用饱和食盐水制氯气、氢气、烧碱的方法。工业上用电解饱和氯化钠溶液的方法来制取氯气、氢氧化钠和氢气,并以它们为原料生产一系列化工产品,称之为氯碱工业。它是用阳离子交换膜把阳极室和阴极室隔开,只让钠离子带着少量水分子透过,其它离子难以透过。电解时从电解槽的下部往阳极室注入经过严格精制的氯化钠溶液,往阴极室注入水。在阳极室中氯离子放电,生成氯气,同时钠离子带着少量水分子透过阳离子交换膜流向阴极室。在阴极室中氢离子放电,生成氢气。但是剩余的氢氧根离子由于受阳离子交换膜的阻隔,不能移向阳极室,这样就在阴极室里逐渐富集,形
2、成了氢氧化钠溶液。随着电解的进行,不断往阳极室里注入精制食盐水,以补充氯化钠的消耗;不断往阴极室里注入水,以补充水的消耗和调节产品氢氧化钠的浓度。所得的碱液从阴极室上部导出。因为阳离子交换膜能阻止氯离子通过,所以阴极室生成的氢氧化钠溶液中含氯化钠杂质很少。用这种方法制得的产品比用隔膜法电解生产的产品浓度大,纯度高,而且能耗也低,所以它是目前最先进的生产氯碱的工艺。关键词:氯碱工业;电解食盐水;离子膜交换法;烧碱蒸发VI内蒙古科技大学毕业设计说明书AbstractChloralkali,isthechloralkaliindustry,alsoreferstotheme
3、thodusingsaturatedsaltwaterforhydrogen.chlorine,causticsoda.IndustrywiththemethodofelectrolyticsaturationSodiumChlorideSolutiontoproducechlorine,sodiumhydroxideandhydrogen,andtakesthemasrawmaterialtoproduceaseriesofchemicalproducts,calledthechloralkaliindustry.Itistheuseofacationexchang
4、emembraneseparatestheanodechamberandacathodechamber,onlyletsodiumionswithwatermoleculesthroughotherionsthroughsmall,difficultto.ElectrolysisfromthelowerpartofelectrolyzeranodechamberinjectiontopassstrictrefinedSodiumChlorideSolution,injectedwaterintothecathodechamber.Intheanodechamberch
5、loridedischarge,chlorinegas,andsodiumionwithafewwatermoleculesthroughthecationexchangemembranetothecathodechamber.Inthecathodechamberhydrogeniondischarge,hydrogengeneration.Buttheremaininghydroxylionsduetocationexchangemembranebarrier,cannotmovetotheanodechamber,sothatinthecathodechambe
6、rgraduallyenriched,formingasodiumhydroxidesolution.Astheelectrolysis,andconstantlytotheanodechamberinjectionofrefinedsaltwater,tosupplementthesodiumchlorideconsumption;continuetocathoderoomintothewater,tosupplementthewaterconsumptionandadjusttheconcentrationofsodiumhydroxide.Thesolution
7、derivedfromthecathodechamberupper.Becausethecationexchangemembranecanpreventchloridebysodiumhydroxidesolution,sothecathodechambergeneratedcontainingsodiumchlorideimpurityrarely.PreparedbythemethodofproductthantheproductconcentrationbyVI内蒙古科技大学毕业设计说明书diaphragmelectrolysisproduct