英语国家概况名词解释英国篇[1]

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1、英国部分Chapter1Officialname官方名称：TheofficialnameoftheUnitedKingdomistheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.BritishEmpire大英帝国：Aboutahundredyearsago,asaresultofitsimperialistexpansion,Britainruledanempirethathadonefourthoftheworld’speopleandonefourthoftheworld’slandarea.Howev

2、er,thetwoworldwarsgreatlyweakenedBritain.TheBritishcoloniesbecameindependentoneafteranother.TheBritishEmpiregraduallydisappearedanditwasreplacedbytheBritishCommonwealthin1931.CommonwealthofNations/theBritishCommonwealth英联邦：It’safreeassociationofindependentcountriesthatwereoncecol

3、oniesofBritain.Itwasestablishedin1931,replacingtheformerBritishEmpire.Membernationsarejoinedtogethereconomicallyandhavecertaintradingarrangements.TheCommonwealthhasnospecialpower.ThedecisiontobecameamemberoftheCommonwealthislefttoeachnation.Atpresentthereare50membercountrieswithi

4、ntheCommonwealth.Chapter2Heptarchy七王国：DuringtheAnglo—Saxon’stime,Britainwasdividedintomanykingdoms.ThesesevenprincipalkingdomsofKent,Essex,Sussex,Wessex,EastAnglia,MerciaandNorthumbria.TheyweregiventhenameofHeptarchy.AlfredtheGreat亚尔弗雷得大帝：AlfredwastheKingofWessex,whowasstrongenou

5、ghtodefeattheinvadingDanesandreachedafriendlyagreementwiththem.Hefoundedastrongfleetandisknownas“thefatheroftheBritishnavy”.HereorganizedtheSaxonarmy,makingitmoreefficient.Heestablishedschoolsandformulatedalegalsystem.HetranslatedbooksfromLatinintoEnglish.WilliamtheConqueror征服者威廉

6、：HewasalsoknownasWilliam,DukeofNormandy.In1066,heinvadedEngland,defeatedandkilledHaroldnearHastingsinSussexandconqueredEngland.HeconfiscatedalmostallthelandandgaveittohisNormanfollowers.HereplacedtheweakSaxonrulewithastrongNormangovernment.Sothefeudalsystemwascompletelyestablishe

7、dinEngland.Chapter3DomesdayBook末日审判书：It’sabookcompiledbyagroupofclerksunderthesponsorshipofKingWilliamtheFirstin1086.Thebookwasinfactapropertyrecord.ItwastheresultofageneralsurveyofEngland.Itrecordedtheextent,value,stateofcultivation,andownershipoftheland.Itwasoneoftheimportantme

8、asuresadoptedbyWilliamItoestablishtheful