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1、简介BenjaminFranklinwasborninMilkStreet,Boston,onJanuary6,1706.Hisfather,JosiahFranklin,wasatallowchandlerwhomarriedtwice,andofhisseventeenchildrenBenjaminwastheyoungestson.Hisschoolingendedatten,andattwelvehewasboundapprentice学徒tohisbrotherJames,aprinter,whopublis
2、hedthe"NewEnglandCourant."Tothisjournalhebecameacontributor,andlaterwasforatimeitsnominaleditor.Butthebrothersquarreled,andBenjaminranaway,goingfirsttoNewYork,andthencetoPhiladelphia,wherehearrivedinOctober,1723.Hesoonobtainedworkasaprinter,butafterafewmonthshewa
3、sinducedbyGovernorKeithtogotoLondon,where,findingKeith'spromisesempty,heworkedasacompositoragaintillhewasbroughtbacktoPhiladelphiabyamerchantnamedDenman,whogavehimapositioninhisbusiness.OnDenman'sdeathhereturnedtohisformertrade,andshortlysetupaprintinghouseofhiso
4、wnfromwhichhepublished"ThePennsylvaniaGazette,"towhichhecontributedmanyessays,andwhichhemadeamediumforagitatingavarietyoflocalreforms.In1732hebegantoissuehisfamous"PoorRichard'sAlmanac"《穷理查德年鉴》，fortheenrichment浓缩ofwhichheborrowedorcomposed整理thosepithy精辟的utterance
5、s言论ofworldlywisdomwhicharethebasisofalargepartofhispopularreputation.In1758,theyearinwhichheceases停止writingfortheAlmanac,heprintedinit"FatherAbraham'sSermon,"nowregardedasthemostfamouspiece文章ofliteratureproducedinColonialAmerica.MeantimeFranklinwasconcerninghimse
6、lfmoreandmorewithpublicaffairs.HesetforthaschemeforanAcademy,whichwastakenuplaterandfinallydevelopedintotheUniversityofPennsylvania;andhefoundedan"AmericanPhilosophicalSociety"forthepurposeofenablingscientificmentocommunicatetheirdiscoveriestooneanother.Hehimself
7、hadalreadybegunhiselectricalresearches,which,withotherscientificinquiries,hecalledonintheintervalsofmoney-makingandpoliticstotheendofhislife.In1748hesoldhisbusinessinordertogetleisureforstudy,havingnowacquiredcomparativewealth;andinafewyearshehadmadediscoveriesth
8、atgavehimareputationwiththelearnedthroughoutEurope.BenjaminFranklin(January17,1706–April17,1790)wasoneoftheFoundingFathersoftheUnitedStates.Anotedpolymath,Fran
