phonology 音位学

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1、CHAPTER2　　I.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse：　　1.VoicingisaphonologicalfeaturethatdistinguishesmeaninginbothChineseandEnglish.　　　2.Iftwophoneticallysimilarsoundsoccurinthesameenvironmentsandtheydistinguishmeaning，theyaresaidtobeincomplementarydistribution.　　　

2、3.Aphoneisaphoneticunitthatdistinguishesmeaning.　　　4.EnglishisatonelanguagewhileChineseisnot.　　　5.Inlinguisticevolution，speechispriortowriting.　　　6.Ineverydaycommunication，speechplaysagreaterrolethanwritingintermsoftheamountofinformationconveyed.　　　7.Articulatoryphoneticstriestode

3、scribethephysicalpropertiesofthestreamofsoundswhichaspeakerissueswiththehelpofamachinecalledspectrograph.　　　8.Thearticulatoryapparatusofahumanbeingarecontainedinthreeimportantareas：thethroat，themouthandthechest.　　　9.Vibrationofthevocalcordsresultsinaqualityofspeechsoundscalledvoic

4、ing.　　　10.Englishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintermsofplaceofarticulationandthepartofthetonguethatisraisedthehighest.　　　11.Accordingtothemannerofarticulation，someofthetypesintowhichtheconsonantscanbeclassifiedarestops，fricatives，bilabialandalveolar.　　　12.Vowelsoundscanbedifferentiate

5、dbyanumberoffactors：thepositionoftongueinthemouth，theopennessofthemouth，theshapeofthelips，andthelengthofthevowels.　　　13.Accordingtotheshapeofthelips，vowelscanbeclassifiedintoclosevowels，semi-closevowels，semi-openvowelsandopenvowels.　　　14.Anysoundproducedbyahumanbeingisaphoneme.　　　

6、15.Phonesarethesoundsthatcandistinguishmeaning.　　　16.Phonologyisconcernedwithhowthesoundscanbeclassifiedintodifferentcategories.　　　17.Abasicwaytodeterminethephonemesofalanguageistoseeifsubstitutingonesoundforanotherresultsinachangeofmeaning.　　　18.Whentwodifferentformsareidenticali

7、neverywayexceptforonesoundsegmentwhichoccursinthesameplaceinthestrings，thetwowordsaresaidtoformaphonemiccontrast.　　　19.Therulesgoverningthephonologicalpatterningarelanguagespecific.　　　20.Distinctivefeaturesofsoundsegmentscanbefoundrunningoverasequenceoftwoormorephonemicsegments. 　

8、　II.Fillineachofthefollowingblank