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1、MarkTwain&“TheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty”HistoricalBackground:theCivilWar(1861—1864):“TheindustrialNorthhadtriumphedovertheagrarianSouth,andfromthatvictorycameasocietybasedonmasslaborandmassconsumption.”“TheGildedAge”:“anageofextremes”—“ofdec
2、lineandprogress,ofpovertyanddazzlingwealth,ofgloomandbuoyanthope”.therailroad:Itchangedthewayinwhichpeoplelivedandworked.Realism:RealismoriginatedinFranceasreálisme.Itcalledfor“realityandtruth”inthedepictionofordinarylife.Somerepresentativesare:Zola,Flau
3、bert,BalzacandDostoyevsky.AmericanRealism:LocalColorlocalcolor,“anamalgamofromanticplotsandrealisticdescriptionsofthingsimmediatelyobservable:thedialects,customs,sights,andsoundsofregionalAmerica”BretHarte,“TheOutcastsofPokerFlat”,“Tennessee’sPartner”Har
4、rietBeecherStowe,UncleTom’sCabinMaryE.W.Freeman,“ANewEnglandNun”KateChopin,TheAwakeningMarkTwainDefinitionandfeatures:Realism:“nothingmoreandnothinglessthanthetruthfultreatmentofmaterial.”(W.D.Howells)a.verisimilitudeofdetailsderivedfromobservationb.repr
5、esentativeinplot,settingandcharacterc.anobjectiveratherthananidealizedviewofhumanexperienceRepresentativewriters:WilliamDeanHowells(1837—1920),TheRiseofSilasLapham(1885)andCriticismandFiction.HenryJames(1843—1916),DaisyMiller(1878),TheAmbassadors(1903),T
6、heWingsoftheDove(1902)andTheArtofFiction.MarkTwain(1835—1910),TheAdventuresofTomSawyer(1876),TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn(1884),LifeontheMississippi(1883).MarkTwainSamuelLanghorneClemens(1835—1910)MarkTwainwasagreatAmericanhumorist.Awhitelinensuitandac
7、igarbecamehistrademarksinpublicappearances.MarkTwainpseudonymofSamuelLanghorneClemens(1835-1910),Americanwriterandhumorist,whosebestworkischaracterizedbybroad,oftenirreverenthumororbitingsocialsatire.Twain'swritingisalsoknownforrealismofplaceandlanguage,
8、memorablecharacters,andhatredofhypocrisyandoppression.MarkTwain’sLife:Life1.MarkTwainisthepseudonymofSamuelLanghorneClemens.“MarkTwain”means“twofathom’sdepthofnavigablewater”.2.HelivedinatownnamedHannibalalongtheMississipp
