定语从句、状语从句和同位语从句

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1、复合句【语法要点】复合句是由一个主句加一个或几个从句所构成的句子。从句只用作句子的一个成分，不能独立。根据从句在句子中的作用，可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句三类。（一）名词性从句名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。其关联词有连接词that、if、whether；疑问代词who、what、which和疑问副词when、where、how、why等。1.名词性从句句法结构：从属连词thatwhether主语从句Thathewillcomeiscertain.（that不可省）Whethersheiscomingorn

2、otdoesn’tmattertoomuch.（不能用if）宾语从句Ithink（that）hewillbeallrightinafewdays.Iwentinandaskedif（=whether）theyhadacheapsuit.Iwonderwhether（不能用if）itistrueornot.表语从句Thefactis（that）Ihaveneverbeenthere.Thequestioniswhether（不能用if）itisworthdoing.同位语从句Thefactthatshehadnotsaidanythings

3、urprisedallofus.Theyaskedmethequestionwhethertheworkwasworthdoing.连接代词thatwhowhomwhosewhich主语从句Whowillhelphimisnotknown.Whathesaidisveryimportant.Whichsidewillwinisnotclear.宾语从句（1）作及物动词的宾语。例如：Ireallydon’tknowwhatheisdoing.Doyouknowwho/whomtheyarewaitingfor?Heaskedwhosedic

4、tionaryitwas.Hecan’ttellwhichmethodtheywillusefortheexperiment.（2）作介词的宾语。例如：Payattentiontowhattheteachersaid.Iwonderedtowhomhehadgiventheletter.表语从句Thatiswhatheisworriedabout.Thequestioniswhowillcomehere.Thequestioniswhichteamwillwinthematch.连接副词wherewhenwhyhow主语从句Wheresh

5、ehasgoneisnotknownyet.Whentheywillstartisnotknownyet.Whyhediditwasn’tquiteclear.Howhebecameagreatscientistisknowntousall.宾语从句Idon’tknowwherewearegoingtohavethemeeting.Pleasetellmewhenweshalldiscussourworkplan.Doyouknowwhyhesaidthat?WillyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystati

6、on?表语从句Thatiswherehewasborn.Thisiswhyheislate.Thisishowhedidit.Thequestioniswhenhewillbeback.同位语从句Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomeback.YouhavenoideahowworriedIwas.Theproblemiswherewecangetsomuchmoney.2.名词性从句的其它用法：1）if不能引导表语从句。连接代词who、what、whose、which不能引导同位语从句。2）有时as、asif/though、

7、because也可以引导表语从句，能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be、seem、look等。例如：Thingsarenotalwaysastheyseemtobe.事情并不总是像表面上看来的那样。Itlooksasifitweregoingtorain.Itisbecauseyoueattoomuch.3）介词宾语不可以用which来引导，而要用what来引导。例如：Wecanlearnwhatwedidnotknow.HewilltalktousaboutwhathesawintheU.S.4）连词that引导的名词性从句除能用在e

8、xcept、but、in后之外很少作介词的宾语，。其它一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导，则需用it先行一步作形式宾语。例如：Heisagoodstudentexceptthatheis