linguistics+lecture+1

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1、Lecture1IntroductiontoLanguageKuaizhenhua(4Sept.,2012)1TeachingPoints1)Whatislinguistics?2)Whatislanguage?3)Thefunctionsoflanguage4)Thedefiningfeaturesoflanguage5)Theoriginoflanguage6)Theacquisitionoflanguage7)Themainbranchesoflinguistics8)Importantdistinctionsinlinguistics2WhatisLinguistics?Def

2、inition:Thescientificstudyofhumanlanguage1)Linguisticsstudiesnotanyparticularlanguage,butitstudieslanguagesingeneral.2)Whatthelinguisthastodofirstistocollectandobservelanguagefacts,then3)Thelinguistformulatessomehypothesesaboutthelanguagestructurethem.4)Therelationbetweendataandtheory:bothstandi

3、ndialecticalcomplementation.5)TheAimistodiscoverthenatureandrulesoftheunderlyinglanguagesystem.3WhatisLanguage?1)FerdinanddeSaussure(1857-1913):CourseinGeneralLinguistics(1916)Language“isnottobeconfusedwithhumanspeech,ofwhichitisonlyadefinitepart,thoughcertainlyanessentialone.Itisbothasocialprod

4、uctofthefacultyofspeechandacollectionofnecessaryconventionsthathavebeenadoptedbyasocialbodytopermitindividualstoexercisethatfaculty”.2)EdwardSapir(1884-1939):Language:AnIntroductiontotheStudyofSpeech(1921)“Languageisapurelyhumanandnon-instinctivemethodofcommunicatingideas,emotionsanddesiresbymea

5、nsofvoluntarilyproducedsymbols.”3)BernardBloch(1907-1965)&GeorgeTrager(1906-1992):OutlineofLinguisticAnalysis(1942)“Alanguageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsbymeansofwhichasocialgroupco-operates.”4)GeorgeTrager:TheFieldofLinguistics(1949)“Alanguageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsbymeansofwhichth

6、emembersofasocietyinteractintermsoftheirtotalculture.”5)NoamChomsky(1928-):SyntacticStructures(1957)“FromnowonIwillconsiderlanguagetobeaset(finiteorinfinite)ofsentences,eachfiniteinlengthandconstructedoutofafinitesetofelements.”6)胡壮麟语言学教程(2006)“Languageisameansofverbalcommunication.”Itisinstrume

7、ntalinthatcommunicatingbyspeakingorwritingisapurposefulact.Itissocialandconventionalinthatlanguageisasocialsemioticandcommunicationcanonlytakeplaceeffectivelyifalltheusersshareabroadunderstandingofhumaninteractionincludingsu