资源描述：
《考点钠及其化合物的性质（the properties of sodium and its compounds）》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、考点4钠及其化合物的性质（Thepropertiesofsodiumanditscompounds）Thepropertiesofsodiumanditscompounds1.Reviewkeypoints1.Understandingthechemicalpropertiesofsodiumfromthecharacteristicsofsodiumatomicstructure;Comparisonandcomparison;Atomicstructureandphysicalpropertiesofal
2、kalimetals2.Analysisofexperimentalphenomenaandchemicalpropertiesofsodium;Toidentifyanddivideanddivide2.DifficultyfocusingOne.Thepropertiesofsodium(1)thephysicalpropertiesofsodiumandthereactionofsodiumtowaterThenewlycutsectionofsodiumisbrightsilverandwhite,w
3、hichreactswithoxygen,buttheproductsaremorecomplex,suchassodiumoxide(Na2O)andsodiumperoxide(Na2O2).Sodiummetaltoreactwithwatertoproducethehydrogenexperiment,thethumbtubemouthsarebackwardsintothebeaker,suchoperationsforstudents,notgoodatmaymakepartoftheairint
4、othetube.Sobeforetheformalgatheringgasexperiment,teacherscanarrangestudentstopracticeseveraltimesintheoperationofthetube.Itisstilldifficult,iftheoperationisavailablewithatubemouthsizesuitablerubbertubemouth,intothewaterandthenpulltherubberplug.Thisexperimen
5、tcanalsousethesinkinsteadofabeaker,thediameterisbigger,soitiseasytooperate.Payattentiontothesodiumcan'taccessthelargerpieceduringthetest.Thisisbecausethepropertiesofsodiumisveryactive,itgivesoffalotofheatwhenreactionwithwater,evenmakethesurroundingwaterboil
6、ing,soalsowithwatervaporreactionofsodium.Ifswimonthesurfaceofthesodiumwerestickingtothewallsofthevesselwhereoil,can'tswim,emitheatdiffusionnoteasily,canmaketheburninghydrogen,evensmallexplosionhappens,generatedbysodiumhydroxidesplashout.(2)thereactionofsodi
7、umandoxygenWhendoingtheexperimentofsodiumreactwithoxygen,toensurethetiltoftheaircirculation,toglasstubecan'tbetoothin,andloadedsodiumparticlesintheglasstubecan'tbetoobig.Staysodiuminthetubeheatedtomeltandbegantoburn,slightlyinclinedglasstubecanseechangedfro
8、mwhitetoyellowafterburningprocess.Experimentwithoutglasstubeistoothick,canalsobeusedtobottomofthetubeinstead.Notethatthisexperimentusedsodiumpiece,shouldgetridofthesurfaceoxide,orcombustionwouldmaketes
