acculturation(同化过程)

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1、1.Acculturation(同化过程）isaprocessinwhichmembersofoneculturalgroupadoptthebeliefsandbehaviorsofanothergroup.2.Adjacencypair（相邻语对）;asequenceoftwoutterancesbydifferentspeakersinconversation.Thesecondisaresponsetothefirst,suchasquestion/answersequencesandgreeting/greetingexchange

2、.3.affix:aboundmorphemethatisattachedtoastemandmodifiesitsmeaninginsomeway.4.agreement(concord)（一致）:agrammaticalphenomenoninwhichtheformofonewordinasentenceisdeterminedbytheformofanotherwordwhichisgrammaticallylinkedtoit. E.g.inthesentenceTheboygoestoschooleveryday.Thereisa

3、nagreementinnumberbetweenboyandgoes.5.articulators（发音器官):thetongue,lips,andvelum,whichchangetheshapeofthevocaltracttoproducedifferentspeechsounds.6.aspect(体）:thegrammaticalcategoryrepresentingdistinctioninthetemporalstructureofanevent.Englishhastwoaspectconstruction---thepe

4、rfectandtheprogressive.(完成体和进行体)7.aspiration(吐气）;thepuffofairthatsometimesfollowsthepronounciationofastopconsonant. E.g./p/inthewordpit.8.consonant（辅音）;aspeechsoundproducedbypartialorcompleteclosureofpartofthevocaltract,thusobstructingtheairflowandcreatingaudiblefriction.Co

5、nsonantsaredescribedintermsofvoicing,placeofarticulation,andmannerofarticulation.9.converstionalimplicature（会话含义）:meaningsthatareexplicableinthelightofconverationalmaxims.10.communicativecompetence（交际能力）;theabilitytouselanguageappropriatelyinsocialsituations.11.constituent（

6、成分）:asyntacticunitthatfunctionsaspartofalargeunitwithinasentence;typicalconstituenttypesareverbphrase,nounphrase,prepositionalphraseandclause.12.case(格)：thegrammaticalcategoryininflectionallanguagesbywhichtheformofanounornounphrasevariesforgrammaticalorsemanticreasons.Engli

7、shhasonlyonecasedistinctioninnouns—thegenitivecase(所有格),butEnglishpronounshavethreeformsthatcorrespondtothreeofthesixcasesinLatin.13.clause（小句）:agrammaticalunitthatcontainsasubjectandapredicate.Itmaybeasentenceorpartofasentence.14.closedclass（封闭词类）:agroupofwordswhosemembers

8、hipissmallanddoesnotreadilyacceptnewmembers.15.coinage（创新词）:theconstructionandaddi