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1、外文原文JavaFundamentalsTheriseoftheInternetandtheWorldWideWebhavefundamentallyreshapedcomputing.Onlyafewshortyearsago,thecyberlandscapewasdominatedbystand-alonePCs.Today,nearlyallPCsareconnectedtotheInternet.TheInternet,itself,wastransformed—originallyofferingaconvenientwaytosharefilesandinf
2、ormation,todayitisavast,distributedcomputinguniverse.Thesechangeshavebeenasrapidastheyhavebeenprofound,andintheirwake,theygaverisetoanewwaytoprogram:Java.JavaisthepreeminentlanguageoftheInternet,butitismorethanthat.Javahasrevolutionizedprogramming,changingthewaythatwethinkaboutboththeform
3、andthefunctionofaprogram.TobeaprofessionalprogrammertodayimpliestheabilitytoprograminJava—ithasbecomethatimportant.Inthecourseofthisbook,youwilllearntheskillsneededtomasterit.ThepurposeofthismoduleistointroduceyoutoJava,includingitshistory,itsdesignphilosophy,andseveralofitsmostimportantf
4、eatures.Byfar,thehardestthingaboutlearningaprogramminglanguageisthefactthatnoelementexistsinisolation.Instead,thecomponentsofthelanguageworkinconjunctionwitheachother.ThisinterrelatednessisespeciallypronouncedinJava.Infact,itisdifficulttodiscussoneaspectofJavawithoutinvolvingothers.Tohelp
5、overcomethisproblem,thismoduleprovidesabriefoverviewofseveralJavafeatures,includingthegeneralformofaJavaprogram,somebasiccontrolstructures,andoperators.Itdoesnotgointotoomanydetailsbut,rather,concentratesonthegeneralconceptscommontoanyJavaprogram.1.1TheOriginsofJavaComputerlanguageinnovat
6、ionisdrivenforwardbytwofactors:improvementsintheartofprogrammingandchangesinthecomputingenvironment.Javaisnoexception.BuildingupontherichlegacyinheritedfromCandC++,Javaaddsrefinementsandfeaturesthatreflectthecurrentstateoftheartinprogramming.Respondingtotheriseoftheonlineenvironment,Javao
7、ffersfeaturesthatstreamlineprogrammingforahighlydistributedarchitecture.JavawasconceivedbyJamesGosling,PatrickNaughton,ChrisWarth,EdFrank,andMikeSheridanatSunMicrosystemsin1991.Thislanguagewasinitiallycalled“Oak”butwasrenamed“Java”in1995.Somewhatsurprisingly,theorig
