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1、微机原理与接口技术知识点（KnowledgeofMicrocomputerPrincipleandinterfacetechnology）KnowledgeofMicrocomputerPrincipleandinterfacetechnology1、microprocessor(CPU)consistsofthreeparts:ALU,controllerandregisterset.2、Aluconsistsofthreeparts:arithmeticandlogicunitALU,generalorsp
2、ecialregistersetandinternalbus.3,thecontrollerfunctionofinstructioncontrol,timingcontrol,operationcontrol,thecontrollerbytheprogramcounterPC,instructionregisterIR,instructiondecoderID,timingcontrolunitandmicrooperationcontrolunit(core).4,8088externaldatabusw
3、ithmemoryandI/Ointerfacefordatatransmission,thewidthis8bits,and8086ofthedatabusspaceis16bits.Inaddition,thereishardlyanydifferencebetweenthetwo.5,duringtheexecutionoftheprogram,CPUalwaysregularlyperformthefollowingsteps:aretrievedfrommemorythenextinstruction
4、BinstructiondecodingciftheinstructiontoreadoperationsfromthememoryDcommandeifyouneedtowritetheresultsofmemory.6,8088/8086assignstheabovestepstotwoseparatecomponents:theexecutionunitEUandthebusinterfaceunitBIU.EU:responsiblefortheanalysisofinstruction(instruc
5、tiondecode)characteristicsandexecutioninstruction,temporaryintermediateresultsandkeeptheresults,itconsistsofarithmeticlogicunit(ALU)ALU,generalregisters,flagregisterandEUcontrolcircuit.BIUfunction:responsibleforfetchinginstructions,fetchingoperationsandwriti
6、ngresults.Itconsistsofsegmentregisters,instructionpointerregisters,instructionqueues,addressadders,andbuscontrollogic.7,theinternalstructureof8088/8086CPUis16bit,thatis,theinternalregisterscanonlystore16bitsofbinarycode,andtheinternalbuscanonlytransmit16bitb
7、inarycode.8,toimprovemanagementsystem(addressing)memorycapacity,8088/8086methodwasusedtosegmentmanagement,thememoryaddressspaceisdividedintomultiplelogicalsections,eachlogicalsegmenttothemaximumof64Kunits,eachunitwithinthesegmentaddresslengthis16bits.Inthe9a
8、nd8088/8086systems,theaddressofeachcellinmemoryconsistsoftwoparts,thatis,thesegmentaddressandtheoffsetaddressinthesegment.10and8088/8086CPUare40leadICchips,usingdualin-linepackaging,whenMN/MX=1,
