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1、全国环境监测站建设标准为建设先进的环境监测预警体系，指导和规范全国各级环境监测机构能力建设，特制定本标准。有关辐射环境监测站的建设标准另行制定。本标准自发布之日起执行，原《环境监测站建设标准（试行）》同时废止。本标准规定了省、市、县三级环境监测机构人员标准及机构、监测经费、监测用房、基本仪器配置、应急环境监测仪器配置和专项监测仪器配置。本标准为最低配置标准，有能力的地区可以适当提高标准。本标准实行分级设置，分为一级、二级、三级。一级标准为各省（自治区、直辖市）设置的环境监测站、由国家环保总局批准的各专业环境监测站；二级标准为各地级市（自
2、治州）、直辖市所辖区（县）设置的环境监测站执行；三级标准为各地级市（自治州）所辖区、县（自治县）设置的环境监测站执行。每个级别（按照国务院确定的东部、中部、西部区域划分方法）划分为东部地区、中部地区、西部地区三档，处于不同区域的环境监测站执行不同的标准。直辖市及其所辖区（县）环境监测站分别执行东部地区一级、二级标准。—3—urbantrafficstructureintheurbanpublictransportsystem,railtrafficwithafast,largecapacity,lowpollutionandhighef
3、ficiency,becomeanindispensablepartofurbantrafficstructure,isthecontradictionbetweensupplyanddemandofthegrowingmetropolis,cities,effectivemeanstomeettheneedsofurbantraffic.Thefollowingtableisarailtransportandothermodesofurbanpassengertransportcapacity,transportationspeeda
4、ndresourceconsumption,andsoon.Comparisonofurbanpassengertrafficcharacteristicstable5.1-2trafficvolume(human/h)transportspeed(km/people)Roadareaoccupied(M2/people)scopebike2,00010-153,000shortcar20-5010-20widebus6,000-9,0001-240-600.25-0.5fromtheMetrolightrailof10,000-30,
5、000inlong-distanceline3Morethan0,00040-60donotoccupyanareabothintermsoftransportoverlongdistances,transportefficiency,orfromthelevelofresourceconsumptionandenvironmentalpollution,railtransportisundoubtedlyaneffectivemeanstosolvetheproblemoftrafficcongestionincities.Espec
6、iallyinurbanpopulationstrengthenormoustrafficdemandontheroutetoeasetrafficpressure,railtransportationhasincomparableadvantages.Washington,DC,areaof177km2,andapopulationof600,000,isaUnitedStatespoliticalcenter.FortheWashingtonMetrosystemUnitedStatessecond-busiestsubway,se
7、condonlytotheNewYorksubway,openedin1976.Currentrailsizesfor5,station86,total171.6km,netannualpassengervolumereached223millionpeople.Accordingtostatistics,from2000to2009vehicletripdown12.7%,bustravelhasincreasedby12%.ObjectivesoftheWashingtonMetrosystemboilsdowntothefollo
8、wingthreepoints:bydrivingontothetracksatthestationtransfermodeinordertoalleviatetrafficcongestion;Forth
