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1、理化检验技术基础知识（Basicknowledgeofphysicalandchemicalinspectiontechnology）Basicknowledge1.canreactwithmetalsodiumandreactwithsodiumhydroxide.ThecompoundthatreactswithsodiumcarbonateisHCOOH2.PotassiumPermanganateCO2olefinsbyoxidationofthehydrocarbontopropyleneandCH3COOH3.withbromine,acrylicacid,copperhydr
2、oxide,sodiumbicarbonatecanbePotassiumPermanganatereaction.4.theactivityofolefinadditiontoHOCLinthefollowinggroupsisfromlargetosmall:ethylene>bromine>vinylchloride.5.accordingtotheboilingpointfromhightolowordern-hexane>right>>>ethanepropanebutanemethane.Whentheelectrophilicsubstitutionreactionoccur
3、sonthering,theactivityisfrombigtosmall:phenol>toluene>benzene>chlorobenzene>nitrobenzene.Whentheelectrophilicsubstitutionreactionoccursonthering,theactivityisfrombigtosmall,andthecorrectarrangementis:1,2,3-three,toluene>xylene>p-xylene,toluene>benzene.Accordingtoacidityintensity:phenol>water>1-,am
4、ylalcohol>1-,amylacetylene>pentane.Theisomerof6.ethanolistwomethylether.TheexpressionforaldehydesisRCHO.KetoRCOR.7.,whenmethanebromideisaddedwithalargeamountofHBr,thereactionratewillbegreatlysloweddown.WiththeadditionoflargeamountsofHCl,therateofreactionwillnotchangemuch.8.2,2--4-twomethylethylcyc
5、lohexanemoleculesofcarbonatomsin109.thestandardsubstancesusedforcalibrationofhydrochloricacidareanhydroussodiumcarbonateandboraxCalibrationstandardsolutionof0.1mol/LNaOH10.withtwophthalicacidpotassiumhydrogen,usingphenolphthaleinindicatorWhenthestandardsolutionof0.1mol/Lhydrochloridewascalibratedw
6、ithanhydroussodiumcarbonate,theindicatorwasmethylorange.Underthe11.standardcondition,thegasvolumeisonlyaffectedbythemolarnumber.12.ultravioletvisiblespectrophotometry,thecommonlyusedwavelengthrangeis:200~760nmTheminimumdetectableconcentrationof13.spectrophotometricmethodwas10-7g/ml14.,addingheavym
7、etalionsinfluorescentsolutionusuallyreducesthefluorescenceintensity.15.whenanalyzedbygaschromatography,themostsuitabledetectorforsubstanceswithstrongelectronaffinitysuchashalogenatedhydrocarbonsandnitrocompoundsi
