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1、《机械基础》自测题及答案一、名词解释1.机械：机器、机械设备和机械工具的统称。2.机器：是执行机械运动，变换机械运动方式或传递能量的装置。3.机构：由若干零件组成，可在机械中转变并传递特定的机械运动。4.构件：由若干零件组成，能独立完成某种运动的单元5.零件：构成机械的最小单元，也是制造的最小单元。6.标准件：是按国家标准(或部标准等)大批量制造的常用零件。7.自由构件的自由度数：自由构件在平面内运动，具有三个自由度。8.约束：起限制作用的物体，称为约束物体，简称约束。9.运动副：构件之间的接触和约束，称为运动副。10.低副：两个构件之间为面接触
2、形成的运动副。11.高副：两个构件之间以点或线接触形成的运动副。12.平衡：是指物体处于静止或作匀速直线运动的状态。13.屈服极限：材料在屈服阶段，应力波动最低点对应的应力值，以σs表示。14.强度极限：材料σ-ε曲线最高点对应的应力，也是试件断裂前的最大应力。15.弹性变形：随着外力被撤消后而完全消失的变形。16.塑性变形：外力被撤消后不能消失而残留下来的变形。17.延伸率：δ=(l1-l)/l×100％，l为原标距长度，l1为断裂后标距长度。18.断面收缩率：Ψ=(Ａ－Ａ1)/Ａ×100％，Ａ为试件原面积，Ａ1tomorrowIgofishi
3、ngtotheEast.Bossesdon'thavefishtoeat."Positionsoutofafatman:"goingonnowinthepast,theImperialArmycameaftereatingisbad."OldKingsHeadRushthankedthecaptainrushedtothebaseforHongKong,ShenYuezhensaid:"Ithinksowell!"Aboardtheship,toldthroughagain.MonthsProhappymealsfreshlyprepared,S
4、cullchunkspostimmediately.CardthatFushengoftheElvestakecareof:"oldKingsHeadtomorrow,yourfishsuchasweCaptain!""Know"thisistheKing'svoice,byfar.Atnight,theshiptoport,nexttoseeafewxieyeofsmallfishingvessels,stopeating.Alexaftereatingtwoadjacentboatsstoppingby.Learnedfromthemouth
5、soflocalfishermenherehaveisguerrillazones,EastTaihuLakeinfestedwithbandits,Miaoganglandmark,quietatnight,sometimesinthemorningzhenzeJapanDevilssweep,afternoonzhenze,Westofguerrillaactivities.Backontheboat,monthlyProactiondecidedbythefirstprogramme,gotoMiaogang,findfocalpointc
6、onnector.Gentlyopentheship,sailedintothetracklessYang.MonthsProhaslostitsway,don'tknowdirection,andhadtolettheoldKingwasdriving.OldKingpullingtwooarssaid:"gooddaytoseethestars,cloudydaybyfeel.Youtakeabreak,gotoclassina构词成分。."No,thecabintherewas"grunting...Shout..."snore.Thene
7、xtmorning,MiaogangtheLionBridgeamourningfisherman'swoman.Headwrappedinwhitecloth,foot-wearwhiteshoes,sellingfishinafishline.Heraredfloweronthetoeinhisleftfoot,awhitefloweronthetoeofhisrightfoot,whichisajointsign.Womenwereobservedonthestreetthatatobaccostores,postedalotofsmoke
8、onthedoor,thereisnooldknifebrand.ShopkeepersfacingWest,thereareanoth
