翻译好的微观期末考题库

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1、1、TheU.S.DepartmentofAgricultureisinterestedinanalyzingthedomesticmarketforcorn.TheUSDA'sstaffeconomistsestimatethefollowingequationsforthedemandandsupplycurves:Qd=1,600125PQs=440+165PQuantitiesaremeasuredinmillionsofbushels;pricesaremeasuredindollarsperbushel.a.C

2、alculatetheequilibriumpriceandquantitythatwillprevailunderacompletelyfreemarket.b.Calculatethepriceelasticitiesofsupplyanddemandattheequilibriumvalues.c.Thegovernmentcurrentlyhasa$4.50bushelsupportpriceinplace.Whatimpactwillthissupportpricehaveonthemarket?Willthego

3、vernmentbeforcedtopurchasecornunderaprogramthatrequiresthemtobuyupanysurpluses?Ifso,howmuch?1、美国农业部有兴趣分析国内玉米市场。美国农业部的经济学家为需求和供给曲线预估的等式如下：Qd=1,600125PQs=440+165P算式以百万蒲式耳为单位，价格以每蒲式耳的美元价格计算。a.请计算在完全竞争市场条件下的均衡价格和数量。b.请计算该均衡价格下的供应和需求的价格弹性。c.政府目前实行有每蒲式耳4.50美元的支持性价格。请问在市

4、场上，这个支持性价格会对市场有什么样的影响？政府是否会受一个将要求他们购买所有盈余的计划影响，而被迫购买玉米？如果是这样，需要购买有多少？（参考：微观经济学第二章22-55页）Solution:a.SetQd=Qstodetermineprice.1600-125P=440+165P1160=290PP=4令Qd=Qs来确定价格ObtainQbysubstitutingintoeitherexpression.Qd=1600-125(4)Qd=1600–500Q=1100P*=$4,Q*=1100将P代回原式任一个来获得Qb

5、.FortheOwnPriceElasticityofDemand40(approximately)FortheOwnPriceElasticityofSupplyc.CalculateQdandQsatthe$4.50priceQd=1600-125(4.5)Qd=1037.5Qs=440+165(4.5)Qs=1182.5surplus=Qs-Qd=1182.5-1037.5=145Thesupportpricewouldcreateanexcesssupplyof145millionbushelsthatthegove

6、rnmentwouldbeforcedtobuy.由支持性价格带来的供应过剩为1.45亿蒲式耳，这是政府将被迫购买的数量。2、AmericanMiningCompanyisinterestedinobtainingquickestimatesofthesupplyanddemandcurvesforcoal.Thefirm'sresearchdepartmentinformsyouthattheelasticityofsupplyisapproximately1.7,theelasticityofdemandisapprox

7、imately-0.85,andthecurrentpriceandquantityare$41and1,206,respectively.Priceismeasuredindollarsperton,quantitythenumberoftonsperweek.(a)Estimatelinearsupplyanddemandcurvesatthecurrentpriceandquantity.(b)Whatimpactwoulda10%increaseindemandhaveontheequilibriumpriceand

8、quantity?(c)IfthegovernmentrefusedtoletAmericanraisethepricewhendemandincreasedin(b)above,whatshortageiscreated?美国矿业公司有兴趣快速获取煤炭供给和需求曲线的估计。该公司的研究部