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1、非谓语动词----不定式在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式（theInfinitive）；动名词（theGerund）;分词（Participle）。#1.不定式的句法功能：1）作主语：eg.Tofinishtheworkintenminutesisveryhard./Toloseyourheartmeansfailure.动词不定式短语作主语时，常用形式主语it作形式主语eg.Itisveryhardtofinishtheworkintenminutes.èItisveryhardforustofinishthewor
2、kintenminutes只用of不用for的情况:表语形容词是表示人的性格特征时，如kind,good,clever,stupid,etc，用来表示动作的执行者。eg.It’sverykindofyoutohelpme.2）作表语：eg.Herjobistocleanthehall./Heappearstohavecaughtacold.3）作宾语：eg.Shewishestobeadoctor./Iforgettoringhimupyesterday.有时用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如：eg.Marxfounditimportanttost
3、udythesituationinRussia.4）作宾语补足语：eg.Tellthechildrennottoplayinthestreet.有些动词如make,let,have,see,watch,hear,feel,等与不带to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to,如：eg.Isawhimcrosstheroad.èHewasseentocrosstheroad.Isawalittlegirlrunacrossthestreet.èAlittlegirlwasseentorunacrossthestreet.5）作定语è基本结构eg.Ihavealotofworkt
4、odo./NowIhavenopentowritewith4(主动形式表被动关系+不定式动词是不及物动词时后加介词)eg.Ihaveameetingtoattend./Hefoundagoodhousetolivein.Thechildhasnothingtoworryabout.如果不定式修饰time,place,way，可以省略介词：eg.Hehasnoplacetolive./Thisisthebestwaytoworkoutthisproblem.exercise:whichoneisright?(B)I’llgotoShanghai.Doyouhaveanythingto
5、take?(A)tobetaken?(B)è名词后加不定式解释所修饰名词的内容：eg.Wehavemadeaplantofinishthework.Haveyouthoughtofawaytosolvetheproblem?è名词后加不定式表示即将发生的动作eg.Duringtheweektocome,we’llhaveseveralmeetings.6）作状语：è三层关系：eg.Heworkeddayandnighttogetthemoney.(目的)Hehurriedtothestationonlytofindthetrainhadgone.(结果)Hejumpedwithjo
6、ytohearthenews(原因)注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：wrong：TolearnEnglishwell,adictionaryisneeded.right:TolearnEnglishwell,heneedsadictionary.èSb.+be+adjective+todosth.不定式表示产生某种情绪的原因eg.She’sreadytohelpothers./Wearegladtoseeyouhere.èSb./sth.+be+adjective+todoeg.Thechairisverycomfortabletositon./Thequestion
7、isdifficulttoanswer.(主语和不定式动词是被动关系，但只能用主动语态，如不定式动词是vi,则加相应的介词)7)what/which/how/whenetc+todo…..不定式的复合结构eg.Myquestioniswhentostartthestreet.Whethertodoitornothasnotbeendecided8）作独立成分：4eg.Totellyouthetruth,Idon’tlikethewayhetalked.#2.Voice
