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1、Unit1Listening1ALectureOK,everyone,whatIwanttodotodayiscontinueourdiscussionaboutcitiesandthechallengestheyface,and,I’dliketofocusonthecityofVenice,inItaly,whichisanextraordinaryexample.So,tobeginwith,let’sreviewafewofthepointswe’vediscussedsofar.Rememberthat,forcenturies,thec
2、ityhasbeenstrugglingwiththeproblemofflooding.Asyouknow,theregularfloodwaters—calledtheacquaalta—areabigprobleminthecity.YoumayalsorecallthatthegovernmenthasstartedtheinnovativeMOSEprojecttobuildwaterbarriersandstopfloodingfromtheocean.Now,floodingisanimportantissue,butmanyVene
3、tianssaythatthecityhasmoreseriousproblemsthantheacquaaltaortheMOSEproject.Andmostoftheseproblemshavetodowithtourism.Ofcourse,tourismhasboththepositiveandnegativeside—tourismisextremelyprofitable.ButtheprobleminVeniceistoomanytourists.Forexample,in2007thenumberofVenetianresiden
4、tswas60,000.AndwhatdoyouthinkthenumberofvisitorstoVenicewasinthatyear?Twenty-onemillion!Recently,onasingleholidayweekendinMay,80,000touristsvisitedthecity.Publicparkinglotsfilledupandwereclosed.Andtouristswalkedthroughthestreetseatinganddrinkingandleavingalotoftrashbehind.Ther
5、esultisthatVenice’scityservicesjustcan’thandlesomanypeople.Thecityhastopaymoreandmoremoneyforgarbagecollectiontocleanupallofthetrash.Inaddition,publictransportationonthefamousboatsandgondolasissocrowdedthatVenetianresidentscanbarelyfindroomtogeton.Alongwithtrashandcrowdedtrans
6、portation,cityresidentsalsohavetodealwithhigherpricesforfoodandforhousing.Foodpricescontinuetorisearoundthecity.Somecaféschargeasmuchas13U.S.dollarsforasoftdrink!IntheRialtoMarket—anareawithmanyshopsandstores—someofthegrocerystoreshavebeenreplacedbysouvenirshops,whichmeansthat
7、Venetianshavefewerplacestobuytheirgroceries.Inpopulartouristareas,renthasalmosttripled,andmanysmalllocalbusinesses—forexample,toystoresandhardwarestores—can’taffordtopay.LetmeaddthatthereisaserioushousingprobleminVenice.Atonetime,therewereregulationsmakingitillegaltoconvertres
8、identialbuildingsintohotels.Butalawin1999removedthoseregulati
