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1、Chemotaxis:RoleinSecondaryarticleImmuneResponseArticleContents.IntroductionAndrewDLuster,MassachusettsGeneralHospital,HarvardMedicalSchool,Boston,.HistoricalPerspectiveMassachusetts,USA.ChemotacticFactors.ChemotacticReceptorsChemotaxisisdefinedastheunidirectionalmovementofacellinresponsetoachem
2、ical.BiologicalFunctionsgradientinthedirectionfromalowtoahighconcentrationofchemoattractant..ChemotacticGradients.CellularLocomotion.CellularResponsesIntroduction.MeasurementofChemotaxis.SummaryChemotaxisreferstotheunidirectionalmovementofacellinresponsetoachemicalgradient.Leucocytesmovefromalo
3、wtoahighconcentrationofchemoattractant.IntheChemotacticFactorsabsenceofagradient,chemotacticfactorsincreasetherandommotionofleucocytes.ThishasbeentermedChemotacticfactorsaresubstancesthatcausethedirec-chemokinesis.Thedirectedmigration,orchemotaxis,oftionalmigrationofcells.Intheimmunesystem,chem
4、o-immunecellsisanessentialfeatureoftheimmunesystem.tacticagentsareadiversegroupofchemicalsthatincludeItisnecessaryforthedevelopmentandhomeostaticlipids,formylatedpeptides,proteolyticfragmentsoftraffickingofimmunecellsandfororchestratingthecomplementproteins,andspecializedchemotacticcyto-juxtaposi
5、tionofimmunecellsandantigennecessarytokines,calledchemokines.Chemotacticfactorscanbegeneratelong-lastingantigenspecificimmunity.Chemo-dividedintothe‘classicalchemoattractants’andthetaxisalsoplaysanessentialroleintherecruitmentofrecentlyidentified‘chemokine’superfamily(Table1).Theleucocytesintosit
6、esofinflammationandinfection.Thisclassicalchemoattractantsincludeplatelet-activatingfac-articlewillbrieflydiscussthediscoveryofchemotaxis,tor(PAF),N-formylpeptidessuchasformyl-methionyl-describethechemotacticfactorsandtheirreceptors,theleucyl-phenylalanine(fMLP),theproteolyticfragmentofchangesind
7、ucedincellsinresponsetoachemotacticcomplementC5aandleucotrieneB4(LTB4).Thesefactorssignal,thebiologicalfunctionsofchemotacticfactorsinareinvolvedinmobilizingtheinnateimmunesystemtothetheimmuneresponse,and,finally,themeasurementofsi
