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1、NealKoblitzACourseinNumberTheoryandCryptographySecondEditionSpringer-VerlagNewYorkBerlinHeidelbergLondonParisTokyoHongKongBarcelonaBudapestNealKoblitzDepartmentofMathematicsForewordUniversityofWashingtonSeattle,WA98195USAEditorialBoardJ.H.EwingF.W.GehringP.R.HalmosDepartmen
2、tofDepartmentofDepartmentofMathematicsMathematicsMathematicsIndianaUniversityUniversityofMichiganSantaClaraUniversityBloomington,IN47405AnnArbor,MI48109SantaClara,CA95053USAUSAUSAMathematicsSubjectClassifications(1991):11-01,1lT71With5Illustrations....bothGaussandlessermath
3、ematiciansmaybejustifiedinrejoic-LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataingthatthereisonescience[numbertheory]atanyrate,andthatKoblitz,Neal,1948-theirown,whoseveryremotenessfromordinaryhumanactivitiesAcourseinnumbertheoryandcryptography/NealKoblitz.-2nded.shouldkeepi
4、tgentleandclean.p.cm.-(Graduatetextsinmathematics;114)Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.-G.H.Hardy,AMathematician'sApology,1940ISBN0-387-94293-9(NewYork:acid-free).-ISBN3-540-94293-9(Berlin:acid-free)G.H.HardywouldhavebeensurprisedandprobablydispleasedwithI.Numberth
5、eory2.Cryptography.I.Title.11.Series.theincreasinginterestinnumbertheoryforapplicationto"ordinaryhumanQA241.K6721994activities"suchasinformationtransmission(error-correctingcodes)and512'.7-dc2094-11613cryptography(secretcodes).Lessthanahalf-centuryafterHardywrotethewordsquo
6、tedabove,itisnolongerinconceivable(thoughithasn'tO1994,1987Springer-VerlagNewYork,Inc.happenedyet)thattheN.S.A.(theagencyforU.S.governmentworkonAllrightsreserved.Thisworkmaynotbetranslatedorcopiedinwholeorinpartwithoutthecryptography)willdemandpriorreviewandclearancebeforep
7、ublicationwrittenpermissionofthepublisher(Springer-VerlagNewYork,Inc.,175FifthAvenue,NewYork,NY10010,USA),exceptforbriefexcerptsinconnectionwithreviewsorscholarlyoftheoreticalresearchpapersoncertaintypesofnumbertheory.analysis.Useinconnectionwithanyformofinformationstoragea
8、ndretrieval,electronicInpartitisthedramaticincreaseincomputerpowerandsophistica-ad
