usmle_world_notes

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1、USMLEWorldNotes-ImportantPoints**CreditstoDuncan·SubendothelialDepositsareseeninSLEpatients·SubepithelialHumpsareseeninAcutePoststreptococcalGlomeruloneprhitis·LinearSubendothelialareseeninGoodpasture’s(TypeII)·MesangialDepositsareseeninIgANephropathy·SpikeandDomearese

2、eninMembranous·SubendothelialHumpsareseeninMembranoproliferative·Azithromycin–administeredtoHIV+patientscanpreventMycobacteriumAvium·Ethambutol–inhibitsarabinosyltransferasewhichpolymerizesarabinoseintoarabinanetc.SideEffectsàOpticNeuritis·Rifampin–inhibitsbacterialDNA

3、dependentRNApolymeraseandthuspreventstranscriptionofDNAintomRNA.·Isoniazid–inhibitsmycolicacidsynthesis.·FF=GFR/RPFGFR=CreatinineClearance/Inulin·RPF=PAH·Fibroadenoma–cellularmyxoidstroma,sometimestherearecompressedcysticspaces.·Spongiosis-epidermalaccumulationofedemat

4、ousfluidintheintercellularspaces.·Diphenoxylate–opiateanti-diarrhealstructurallyrelatedtoMeperidine.·Octreotide–goodforsecretorydiarrhea,whichisaSomatostatinAnalog·Urease–convertsureatocarbondioxideandammoniaandthusincreasespH·RadiationTherapy-causes1)DNAdoublestrandbr

5、eakage2)formationoffreeradical·Methadone–hasalonghalflife·InFetalLungs-after30weeksthereisanincreaseinLecithin·After36weeksthereisariseinPhosphatydylglycerol·Maleswith5αreductasedeficiency-feminizedexternalgenitalia,smallphallusandHypospadiasarecommon.·RepairDamage–Gly

6、cosylaseàEndonucleaseàLyaseàDNAPolymeraseàLigase·H.Pylori–mostcommoncauseofduodenalulcers·CMVinimmunocompromised–Mononucleosis·RetinitisinCMV–HIV+Patients·PrimaryCNSLymphoma–mostcommonlyassociatedwithAIDS·SquamousCellLungCancer–producesParathyroidHormoneRelatedPeptide,

7、whichinturnwilldecreasePTH·Campylobacter–canbetransmittedfromdomesticanimals·Shigella-istransmittedviafecaloralindaycarecenters·Keratin-markerofepithelialcellorigin.·Secretin-producedbySendocrinecellsintheduodenum,thatincreasesbicarbonatesecretionfromexocrinepancreasin

8、tothesmallbowel.·Alprazolam–benzodiazepinewiththeshortesthalflife,whichisusedinAcuteAnxiety.·Diazepam,Chlordiazepoxid