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1、ChapterTwoRevolutionaryPeriod(1775-1783)“TheAgeofReason”“AmericanEnlightenment”Inthe18thcentury,peoplebelievedinman’sownnatureandthepowerofhumanreason.WithFranklinasitsspokesman,the18thcenturyAmericaexperiencedanageofreason.Indeed,the18thcenturyinAmericaisknownastheAgeofReasonandEnli
2、ghtenment.TheideaofEnlightenmentintellectuallyshapedthetransitionoftheAmericannationhoodtothestatusofindependenceandfederation.Wordshadneverbeensousefulandsoimportantinhumanhistory.Peoplewrotealotofpoliticalwritings.Numerouspamphletsandprintingswerepublished.Theseworksagitatedrevolut
3、ionarypeoplenotonlyinAmericabutalsoaroundtheworld.Afterall,itwasinthisperiodthatAmericannationhood,withtheUnitedStatesasitsname,begantoemerge.The18th-centuryAmericanEnlightenmentwasamovementmarkedbyanemphasisonrationalityratherthantradition,scientificinquiryinsteadofunquestioningreli
4、giousdogma,andrepresentativegovernmentinplaceofmonarchy.Enlightenmentthinkersandwritersweredevotedtotheidealsofjustice,liberty,andequalityasthenaturalrightsofman.Thecolonistswhowouldformanewnationwerefirmbelieversinthepowerofreason;theywereambitious,inquisitive,optimistic,practical,p
5、oliticallyastute,andself-reliant.LiteratureintheperiodofAmericanRevolutionwaspredominantlypublicandutilitarian.Themorecharacteristicformsofwritingincludeessays,pamphlets,andpoliticaldocumentsforpurposeofsocialreform,revolutionaryagitation,andphilosophicaldeclaration.Leadingwritersand
6、theirworksThomasJefferson(1743-1826):TheDeclarationofIndependence(1776)ThomasPaine(1737-1809):CommonSense(1776)BenjaminFranklin:AutobiographyPhilipFreneau:“TheWildHoneySuckle”1.BenjaminFranklin(1706-1790)BenjaminFranklin(1706—1790)Franklin--ascientist--aprinter--apublicserviceman--as
7、tatesman--aliteraryman《自传》《格言历书》2.LifeBenjaminFranklincamefromaCalvinistbackground.Hewasbornintoapoorcandle-maker’sfamily.Hehadverylittleeducation.Helearnedinschoolonlyfortwoyears,buthewasavoraciousreader.At12,hewasapprenticedtohiselderhalf-brother,aprinter.At16,hebegantopublishessay
8、sunderthepse
