p5价值管理考官文章

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1、ValuemanagementbyMarkLeeInman01Nov1998Thepurposeofthisarticleistogiveyouanintroductoryinsightintovalueadded,valueanalysis,valuechainandvalueengineering.DefinitionsValueadded¿Salesvaluelessthecostofpurchasedmaterialsandservices.Thisrepresentstheworthofanalterationinform,locationoravailabi

2、lityofaproductorservice.¿Valueanalysis¿Asystematicinterdisciplinaryexaminationoffactorsaffectingthecostofaproductorservice,inordertodevisemeansofachievingaspecifiedpurposemosteconomicallyattherequiredstandardofqualityandreliability.¿(BS3138)Valuechain¿Thesequenceofbusinessactivitiesbywhi

3、ch,intheperspectiveoftheenduser,valueisaddedtotheproductsorservicesproducedbyanorganisation.¿Valueengineering¿Anactivitywhichhelpstodesignproductswhichmeetcustomerneedsatthelowestcostwhileassuringtherequiredstandardofqualityandreliability.¿ValueaddedValueaddedanalysisisappliedtoactivitie

4、stoseeiftheyaddvaluetoaproductorservice.By¿addingvalue¿wemeanacostthatwillincreasethepriceofthegood/service,butonethatthecustomerispreparedtopayfor.InnesandMitchellgiveaninterestingclassificationofcostswhichmayormaynotaddvalue(seeTable1).Theystressthatmanyoftheactivitieslistedasnotadding

5、valuearethosewhicharisebecauseoffaultswithinthesystem.Thefaultscanbeeliminatedifgoodsareproduced¿rightfirsttime¿.Obviousexamplesare:·suppliersmustdeliverontimeandtospecification;·purchaseordersmustbeplacedcorrectlyandunambiguously;·customerordersshouldbecompletedontimetoavoidexpensivecra

6、shprogrammestoachievecontractdeliverydates;·ordersmustbecompletedtocustomerspecificationtoavoidrejectionandcostlywarrantywork.Anefficientandcosteffectiveoperationwilltrytodispensewiththeseandotherwastefulactivities.However,thereisanimportantrider:willtheorganisationcontinuetofunctionasef

7、fectivelyiftheseancillaryactivitiesareremoved?Anobviousexampleisstorage.Maintainingstoresiscostlyintermsofspace,extraworkingcapital,extrastaffandthemovementofmaterialsanditisanobvioustargetforelimination.However,situationscanarisewheretheremightbeastockout,orspecialsuppli