unix指令汇总(英文版)

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1、UnixCommandSummarySeetheUnix tutorial foraleisurely,self-pacedintroductiononhowtousethecommandslistedbelow.Formoredocumentationonacommand,consultagoodbook,orusethemanpages.Forexample,formoreinformationon grep,usethecommand mangrep.Contents·cat ---forcreatingandd

2、isplayingshortfiles·chmod ---changepermissions·cd ---changedirectory·cp ---forcopyingfiles·date ---displaydate·echo ---echoargument·ftp ---connecttoaremotemachinetodownloadoruploadfiles·grep ---searchfile·head ---displayfirstpartoffile·ls ---seewhatfilesyouhave·

3、lpr ---standardprintcommand(seealso print )·more ---usetoreadfiles·mkdir ---createdirectory·mv ---formovingandrenamingfiles·ncftp ---especiallygoodfordownloadingfilesviaanonymous ftp.·print ---customprintcommand(seealso lpr )·pwd ---findoutwhatdirectoryyouarein·

4、rm ---removeafile·rmdir ---removedirectory·rsh ---remoteshell·setenv ---setanenvironmentvariable·sort ---sortfile·tail ---displaylastpartoffile·tar ---createanarchive,addorextractfiles·telnet ---logintoanothermachine·wc ---countcharacters,words,linescatThisisone

5、ofthemostflexibleUnixcommands.Wecanusetocreate,viewandconcatenatefiles.Forourfirstexamplewecreateathree-itemEnglish-Spanishdictionaryinafilecalled"dict."%cat>dictredrojogreenverdeblueazul%standsfor"holdthecontrolkeydown,thentap'd'".Thesymbo

6、l > tellsthecomputerthatwhatistypedistobeput into thefile dict.Toviewafileweuse cat inadifferentway:%catdictredrojogreenverdeblueazul%Ifwewishtoaddtexttoanexistingfilewedothis:%cat>>dictwhiteblancoblacknegro%Nowsupposethatwehaveanotherfile tmp thatloo

7、kslikethis:%cattmpcatgatodogperro%Thenwecanjoin dict and tmp likethis:%catdicttmp>dict2Wecouldcheckthenumberoflinesinthenewfilelikethis:%wc-ldict28Thecommand wc countsthings---thenumberofcharacters,words,andlineinafile.chmodThiscommandisusedtochangethepermission

8、sofafileordirectory.Forexampletomakeafile essay.001 readablebyeveryone,wedothis:%chmoda+ressay.001Tomakeafile,e.g.,ashellscript mycommand executable,wedothis%chmod+xm