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1、vibration振动sound音tone音（乐音）musicaltone乐音noise噪音acoustics声学psychoacoustics心理声学frequency频率intensity强度time时间waveform波形pitch音高loudness响度duration时值timbre音色(tonecolororquality)tuningfork音叉puretone纯音complextone复音(compositetone)overtone(s)泛音(aliquottone,harmonics,
2、flageolettone即upperpartials)overtoneseries泛音列partial(s)分音(partialtone)fundamental(tone)基音(firstpartial)step音级(scalestep,degree)accidental(s)变音记号sharp升号flat降号double-sharp重升号double-flat重降号nature还原号 intonation音准octave八度range音域(compass)(voice) 音区smallc小字组cgre
3、atC大字组CcontraC大字二组Cunaccentedoctave小字组one-linedoctave小字一组(one-line)two-linedoctave小字二组(two-line)three-linedoctave小字三组(three-line)four-lineoctave小字四组(four-line)temperament乐律temperedscale平均律(equaltemperament)justintonation纯律pitchname音名enharmonicnotes等音(whol
4、e)tone全音half-tone半音naturalhalf-tone自然半音naturaltone自然全音chromatictone变化全音chromatichalf-tone变化半音notation记谱法staff乐谱trebleclef高音谱号bassclef低音谱号clef谱号(Gclef,Fclef,Cclef)note(s)音符rest(s)休止符breve二全音符semibreve全音符(wholenote，美) minim二分音符(halfnote，美)crotchet四分音符(quart
5、ernote，美)quaver八分音符(eighthnote，美)semiquaver十六分音符(sixteenthnote，美)demisemiquaver三十二分音符(thirty-secondnote，美)hemidemisemiquaver六十四分音符(sixty-fourthnote，美)dot附点doubledot复附点dottednote附点音符dottedrest附点休止符score总谱legerline(s)加线(ledgerline(s))head符头stem符干hook符尾(tail
6、)space间line线tie延音线pause延长号(hold,fermata)bar小节(barline小节线,measure)legato连音，连奏staccato断音，断奏sostenuto持音trembolo震音glissando滑音relativepitch相对音高（听觉）absolutepitch绝对音高（听觉）sight-singing视唱fixed-do固定唱名法 movable-do音调唱名法lyra乐徽rhythm节奏rhythmicpattern节奏型accent重音syncopat
7、ion切分音meter拍子(time)duplemeter(s)二拍子(2/2,2/4,2/8)triplemeter(s)三拍子(3/2,3/4,3/8)quadruplemeter(s)四拍子(4/2,4/4,4/8)commonmeter普通拍子(4/4)simplemeter(s)单拍子compoundmeter(s)复拍子compoundduplemeter(s)复二拍子(6/2,6/4,6/8)compoundtriplemeter(s)复三拍子(9/4,9/8)compoundquadrup
8、lemeter(s)复四拍子(12/4,12/8,12/16)quintuplemeter五拍子timesignature拍号multi-meter变化拍子irregularmeter（不规则）混合拍子(7/4,11/7)Metronome节拍机(M.M.=Malzel’s~)duplet二连音triplet三连音quadruplet四连音quintuplet五连音sextuplet六连音septuplet七连音tempo速度
