资源描述：
《动词不定式和动名词的句法功能比较》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、动词不定式和动名词的句法功能比较一,作主语⒈不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种:(1)把不定式置于句首.如:Togettherebybikewilltakeushalfanhour.(2)用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中.如:①It+be+名词+todoIt'sourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold.②Ittakessb+sometime+todoHowlongdidittakeyoutofinishthework③I
2、t+be+形容词+forsb+todoItisdifficultforustofinishwritingthecompositioninaquarterofanhour.④It+be+形容词+ofsb+todoItisstupidofyoutowritedowneverythingtheteachersays.⑤Itseems(appears)+形容词+todoItseemedimpossibletosavemoney.在句型③中,常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:difficult,easy,hard,im
3、portant,impossible,necessary等;在句型④中,常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等表示赞扬或批评的词.在不定式前的sb,可看作其逻辑主语.这一句式有时相当于Sbis+形容词+todo句式,如:It'skindofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.=YouarekindtohelpmewithmyEnglish.⒉动名词作主语Learningwith
4、outpracticeisnogood.动名词作主语时,也常用It句式.如:①It's+nogood(nouse,fun,apleasure,awasteoftime)+doing…It'snogoodreadingindimlight.It'snousesittingherewaiting.②It's+形容词+doingIt'sdangerousswimmingintheseainwindydays.这样用的形容词有expensive,nice,tiring等,但important,necessary则
5、不适用于这种结构,应用不定式代替,如:It'simportantforyoutokeepfit.③Thereisno+doingThereisnosayingwhatwillhappennext.在这一结构中,动名词后常带宾语,相当于"It'simpossibleto…"结构.⒊动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别①不定式作主语经常表示具体动作,常与特定的动作执行者联系在一起;而动名词作主语经常表示抽象动作,经常不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起.如:It'snogoodeatingtoomuchfat.It'sn
6、ogoodforyoutoeatsomuchfat.②动名词结构作主语,可以用名词或代词属格形式作逻辑主语.如:It'snouseyourpretendingthatyoudidn'tknowtherules.二,作宾语⒈不定式作宾语①以下动词后,只能跟不定式作宾语.如:agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail,help,hope,lean,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,re
7、fuse,wish等,这些词大部分可接that引导的从句.如:Idecidedtoaskformymoneyback.IdecidedthatIwouldaskformymoneyback.Whenourvisittothefarmwasover,weexpectedtostartbackonfoot.Whenourvisittothefarmwasover,weexpectedthatwewouldstartbackonfoot.②当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时,先用形式宾语it代替不定式,把不定式置于补
8、语之后,即:主语+动词+it+补语+todo句式.如:Wethinkitquiteimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguagewell.Hefeelsithisdutytohelpthepoor.③介词but,except,besides+todo(do)在这种句型中,如介词前有动词do,后面应接不带to的不定式;如无do,则接to不定式,即带do不带to,带to不带do.如:Theenemyso
