华科考博英语真题 2014华科考博英语真题答案

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1、华科考博英语真题2014华科考博英语真题答案华中科技大学2014年招收博士研究生入学考试试题答案PartI.Cloze(0.5x20=10%)Directions:Inthispartyouareaskedtochoosethebestwordforeachblankinthepassage.Writeyouranswersontheanswersheet.缺PartII.Readingcomprehension(20x2=40%)Directions:Therearefourpassagesinthispart.Aftereachpassa

2、ge,therearefivequestions.Youaretochoosethebestanswerforeachquestion.Writeyouranswersontheanswersheet.Behaviorisoneoftwogeneralresponsesavailabletoendothermic(warm-blooded)speciesfortheregulationofbodytemperature,theotherbeinginnate(reflexive)mechanismsofheatproductionandhea

3、tloss.Humanbeingsrelyprimarilyonthefirsttoprovidea25hospitablethermalmicroclimateforthemselves,inwhichthetransferofheatbetweenthebodyandtheenvironmentisaccomplishedwithminimalinvolvementofinnatemechanismsofheatproductionandloss.Thermoregulatorybehavioranticipateshyperthermi

4、a,andtheorganismadjustsitsbehaviortoavoidbecominghyperthermic:itremoveslayersofclothing,itgoesforacoolswim,etc.Theorganismcanalsorespondtochangesinthetemperatureofthebodycore,asisthecaseduringexercise;butsuchresponsesresultfromthedirectstimulationofthermoreceptorsdistribute

5、dwidelywithinthecentralnervoussystem,andtheabilityofthesemechanismstohelptheorganismadjusttogrosschangesinitsenvironmentislimited.Untilrecentlyitwasassumedthatorganismsrespondtomicrowaveradiationinthesamewaythattheyrespondtotemperaturechangescausedbyotherformsofradiation.Af

6、terall,theargumentruns,microwavesareradiationandheatbodytissues.Thistheoryignoresthefactthatthestimulustoabehavioralresponseisnormallyatemperaturechangethatoccursatthesurfaceoftheorganism.Thethermoreceptorsthatpromptbehavioralchangesarelocatedwithinthefirstmillimeterofthesk

7、in’25ssurface,buttheenergyofamicrowavefieldmaybeselectivelydepositedindeeptissues,effectivelybypassingthesethermoreceptors,particularlyifthefieldisatnear-resonantfrequencies.Theresultingtemperatureprofilemaywellbeakindofreversethermalgradientinwhichthedeeptissuesarewarmedmo

8、rethanthoseofthesurface.Sincetheheatisnotconductedoutwardtothesurfacetostimulateth