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1、专题四电离平衡和盐类的水解平衡（Thematicfourionizationequilibriumandsalthydrolysisequilibrium）Ii.Inductionoftestpoints:1.Comparisonofionizationbalanceandhydrolysisequilibrium:IonizationbalanceHydrolysisequilibriumTheresearchobjectWeakelectrolyte(weakacid,weakstrong,w
2、ater)Salt(strongalkaliweakacidsalt,strongacidweakbasesalt)SolidmassWeakacidH+plusweakacidrootionWeakbaseOH-plusweakbaseionsSaltdisassociates:Weakacidroot+H2Oweakacid(root)+OH-WeakbaseionplusH2OweakbaseplusHplusSpecialpointTheweakertheacid(base);Lessio
3、nizationTheionizationprocessabsorbsheatMultipleweakacids:fractionalionizationandLevel1ionization>>secondaryionization>>tertiaryionization"Theweakerthehydrolysis"(theweakertheacidoralkali,thegreaterthehydrolysis);Thehydrolysisprocessabsorbsheat;(1)theh
4、ydrolysisof>>secondaryhydrolysis.expressionIonizationequationH2CO3HCO3-+H+HCO3-CO32-+H+HydrolysisequationCO32-+H2OHCO3-+OH-HCO3-+H2OH2CO3+OH-shadowringDuetotheplainThetemperatureHeatingup,promotingionization,increasingionconcentration(exceptforvolatil
5、esolute)Warmingup,promotinghydrolysisstrongThedegreeofAddwatertodiluteItpromotesionization,buttheconcentrationofionsdoesnotincreasePromotethehydrolysisJointhesameionInhibitionofionizationInhibitthehydrolysisofAddedreactionionPromotetheionizationPromot
6、ethehydrolysis2.Influencingfactorsofwaterandwater:Theionizationofwaterisaspecificformoftheequilibriumofionization,soitcanbeextendedtothinkandunderstandtheinfluencefactorsoftheionizationequilibriumofspecificwaterfromtheinfluencefactorsofionizationequil
7、ibrium.(1)temperature:duetotheionizationprocessofwaterabsorptionofheat,soheatupthewatermovestotherightofionizationbalance,namelyheatingcanpromotewaterionization,c(H+),c(OH-)increaseatthesametime,increaseKw,pHvaluehasshrunk,butc(H+)andc(OH-)stillequal,
8、sothesystemremainsneutral.Acidandalkalinity:theadditionofanacidorbaseinpurewater,anH+oralkalithatisionizedbyacidcanionizethewater-1-Totheleft,thatis,theadditionofacidsandbasesinhibitswaterionization.Ifthetemperatureisconstant,thenKwisconstant,
