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1、XII.GeographyandHistoryInChapterXIIwearegoingtostudy12.1Introduction12.2Geography12.3HistoryOfficialnameCanadaCapitalOttawa渥太华Area9,984,670sqkmPopulation33,679,263(2008estimate)12.1IntroductionLargestcities,withpopulationToronto多伦多2,503,281Montreal[7mCnt
2、ri5C:l]蒙特利尔1,039,534Calgary卡尔加里988,193EthnicgroupsBritishIslesorigin35.0percentFrenchorigin25.0percentOtherEuropeanorigin20.0percentIndigenouspeoples(designatedinthecensusas"Aboriginal")3.0percentOther17.0percentReligionRomanCatholic43percentUnitedChurch
3、10percentAnglican圣公会7percentBaptist3percentLutheranOtherNoreligion2percent19percent16percentNationalFlagofCanada,popularlyknownastheMapleLeaf.Redandwhite:Canada'snationalcoloursMakingmaplesyrup12.2Geography12.2.1LocationandSizeCanada is the second larges
4、tcountryintheworldbuthasaboutthesamepopulationasthestateofCalifornia,whichisabout4percentofCanada’ssize.ThisisbecausethenorthofCanada,withitsharshArctic北极的andsub-Arcticclimates,isthinlyinhabited.MostCanadiansliveinthesouthernpartofthecountry.Morethanthre
5、e-quartersofthemliveinthecities.12.2.2TopographyandGeographicRegionsCanadaisavastnationwithawidevarietyofgeologicalformations,climates,andecologicalsystems.Ithasrainforest,prairiegrassland大草原,deciduousforest落叶林,tundra冻土地带,andwetlands沼泽.Ithasmorelakesandi
6、nlandwatersthananyothercountryandisrenownedforitsscenery,whichattractsmillionsoftouristseachyear.Canadaismadeupoftenprovincesandthreeterritories.Provinces:Alberta,BritishColumbia,Manitoba[7mAni5tEubE],NewBrunswick[5brQnzwik],Newfoundland[7nju:fEnd5lAnd]a
7、ndLabrador[5lAbrEdC:],NovaScotia[5nEuvE5skEuFE],Ontario[Cn5tZEriEu],PrinceEdwardIsland,Québec[kwi5bek],Saskatchewan[sEs`kAtFIwEn].Territories:NorthwestTerritories,Nunavut(establishedin1999),Yukon[5ju:kCn].Fivegeographic regions:AtlanticRegion,theCentralR
8、egion,thePrairieRegion,thePacificRegionandtheNorthernRegion.CanadianShield:occupiesalmosthalfofCanada’stotalarea,ismineral-rich,andmanyimportantelementsareminedthere.PolarBear12.2.3ClimateCanadahasatypicalcontinentalclimat
