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1、凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路!2017考研备考英语阅读题源经济学人文章:Graftwork Bribery 贿赂 Graftwork 移花接木 Anewstudylightsuptheshadows 无处遁形 GONEarethedayswhenmultinationalscouldbookbribespaidinfar-flungcountriesasatax-deductibleexpense.Thesedayswould-bepalm-greasershavetocontendwithe
2、ver-tougherenforcementofoldlaws,suchasAmerica'sForeignCorruptPracticesActof1977,andaraftofnewonesincountriesfromBritaintoBrazil. 有种日子一去不复返了,想当年,跨国公司可以先行贿,然后在远远找个国家支付以抵扣公司税。如今,想要伸手的人必须面对依然严峻的原有法令,例如1977年的美国反海外贿赂法,以及从英国到巴西等国家的一大堆新颁法令。 Aspolicingissteppedup,
3、however,muchaboutthepracticeofbriberyremainsmurky.TheOECD'sfirstreportonthesubject,publishedonDecember2nd,shedssomelightbyanalysingmorethan400internationalbriberycasesthathavebeenbroughtsincetheanti-briberyconventionofthisgroupofmostlyrichcountriescameintof
4、orcein1999. 虽然加强了监管,但是,许多贿赂行为仍然在暗处作祟。国际经合组织首次就此问题撰写的首次报告在12月2日发表,通过分析从1999年主要是由发达国家组成的该组织颁布的反贿赂公约生效以来的超过400起跨国贿赂案例,而发人深省。 Somefindingsconfirmwhatwasknownorsuspected.Themostbriberiddledsectorsareoil,gas,mining,constructionandtransport.Attheotherendofthespe
5、ctrum,financialservicesandretailingarefairlyclean.Mostbribesgotomanagersofstate-ownedcompanies,followedbycustomsofficials.AndAmericaleadstheenforcementpack,with128casesthatresultedinsanctions(seechart). 一些调查结果证实了那些所知到的和所怀疑的东西。贿赂最泛滥的领域是石油、天然气、采矿、建筑和运输业。而在该序
6、列的另一端,金融服务和零售业则相当清白。大多数贿赂聚焦在国有企业的管理人员,其次是海关官员。美国查处力度最大,处置了128起案件。 Butthereportalsounderminessomecommonbeliefs.Briberyisnotasinofrogueemployeesorpoorcountries.In53%ofcasespaymentsweremadeorauthorisedbycorporatemanagers(andin12%ofthembythechiefexecutive).Mor
7、ethan40%ofthetime,thebribe-takingofficialwasinadevelopedcountry(thoughthisfigureisprobablyinflatedbyrichcountries'greaterwillingnesstocriminalisebriberyandco-operatewithcross-borderinvestigations).Authoritiesareoftenalertedbyfirmsthemselves:thosethatco-oper
8、atequicklyareoftentreatedleniently.5.1-9,,services,andmakethecitymoreattractive,strengtheningpublictransportinvestment,establishedasthebackboneoftheurbanrailtransitmulti-level,multi-functionalpublictra