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1、ART,NATURE,ANDARISTSOnpage15ofMarciaMuelderEaton’sBasicIssuesinAesthetics(1988)shesaysthefollowing:1.a)“Arockcanbecomeaworkofartonlyifsomeone-anartist-isresponsible(atleastinpart)forthewaysitlooks.b)Onlyifsomeoneworksonarockcanitbecomeapieceofsculpture.”c)Theact
2、ualworkdonecanbeminimal...”[Bolditalicshers,regularitalicsmine.]CarlAndre’sStoneFieldROBERTSMITHSON(1928-1973)IROBERTSMITHSONIITheNotionofanArtifactTheOxfordEnglishDictionarydefines‘artifact’as‘anartificialproduct,’anddefines‘artificial’as‘opposedtonatural,’‘mad
3、ebyorresultingfromartorartifice.’‘Artifice’is‘theactionofanartificer’andanartificerisa‘craftsman,’or‘onewhomakesbyartorskill.’Theterm‘art’intheprecedingquotesrefersto‘humanskillastheresultofknowledgeandpractice.’Merriam-Webster’sCollegiateDictionarydefines‘artif
4、act’as‘somethingcreatedbyhumans,usuallyforapracticalpurpose.’TheArtifactualityConditionITheartifactualitycondition=df.Foranyobjectothatisanartworka,oisanartifact.Theartifactualityconditionmaintainsthatallworksofartareartifacts.Thisisameansbywhichartworksaredisti
5、nguishedfromnaturalobjects,especiallywhentheyhavebeautyincommon.Itdoesnotofcoursefollowthatallartifactsareworksofart.TheArtifactualityConditionIIWhentheartifactualityconditionsaysthatallworksofartareartifacts,itisusing“artifact”inthetraditionalrestrictivesense.A
6、nartworkthatisanartifactinthetraditionalrestrictivesenseindicatessomethingthatismanmade,or,morespecificallymadebyhand.Thisisespeciallytruewhenwethinkoftraditionalpaintings,suchasLeonardo’sMonaLisa,ortraditionalsculpturessuchasMichelangelo’sPietà.Thesethingsarema
7、nmadeandhandmade.LeonardoTheMonaLisaMichelangelo'sPietaTheArtifactualityConditionIIITheartifactualityconditioninthetraditionalrestrictivesenseischallengedbymanyworksof20thcenturyandcontemporaryart.Philosophically,ouroptionsareeitherto:a)rejecttheartificactuality
8、conditionandsimplydenythatallartworksareartifacts;orb)broadenthenotionofartifacttoincludeobjectsthathaveanunderstandablerelationtoanartisticintention.SomeWorksThatCha