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1、2014年职称英语教材新增文章_理工类﹡第八篇WhatIsaDream?Forcenturies,peoplehavewonderedaboutthestrangethingsthattheydreamabout.Somepsychologistssaythatthisnighttimeactivityofthemindhasnospecialmeaning.Others,however,thinkthatdreamsareanimportantpartofourlives.Infact.,manyexpertsbelievethat
2、dreamscantellusaboutaperson'smindandemotions.Beforemoderntimes,manypeoplethoughtthatdreamscontainedmessagesfromGod.ItWasonlyinthetwentiethcenturythatpeoplestartedtostudydreamsinascientificway.TheAustrianpsychologist,SigmundFreud,wasprobablythefirstpersontoStudydreamssci
3、entifically.Inhisfamousbook,TheinterpretationofDreams(1900),Freudwrotethatdreamsareanexpressionofaperson'swishes.Hebelievedthatdreamsallowpeopletoexpressthefeelings,thoughts,andfearsthattheyareafraidtoexpressinreallife.TheSwisspsychiatristCarlJungwasonceastudentofFreud'
4、s.Jung,however,hadadiffentideaaboutdreams.Jungbelievedthatthepurposeofadreamwastocommunicateamessagetothedreamer.Hethoughtpeoplecouldlearnmoreaboutthemselvesbythinkingabouttheirdreams.Forexample,peoplewhodreamaboutfallingmaylearnthattheyhavetoohighanopinionofthemselves.
5、Ontheotherhand,peoplewhodreamaboutbeingheroesmaylearnthattheythinktoolittleofthemselves.Modem-daypsychologistscontinuetodeveloptheoriesaboutdreams.Forexample,psychologistWilliamDomhofffromtheUniversityofCaliforia,SantaCruz,believesthatdreamsaretightlylinkedtoaperson'sda
6、ilylife,thoughts,andbehavior.Acriminal,forexample,mightdreamaboutcrime.Domhoffbelievesthatthereisaconnectionbetweendreamsandage.Hisresearchshowsthatchildrendonotdreamasmuchasadults.AccordingtoDomhoff,dreamingisamentalskillthatneedstimetodevelop.Hehasalsofoundalinkbetwee
7、ndreamsandgender.Hisstudiesshowthatthedreamsofmenandwomenaredifferent.Forexample,thepeopleinmen'sdreamsareoftenothermen,andthedreamsofteninvolvefighting.Thisisnottrueofwomen'sdreams.Domhofffoundthisgenderdifferenceinthedreamsofpeoplefromllculturesaroundtheworld,includin
8、gbothmodernandtraditionalones.Candreamshelpusunderstandourselves?Psychologistscontinuetotrytoanswerthisquestio