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1、Gold-in-GlassBeadsfromtheAncientWorldByGEORGEC.BOONOMEyearsago,withtheencouragementofDrD.B.Harden,IbeganthepursuitofatypeofsegmentedbeadapparentlyrareinRomano-Britishcontexts,butcuriouslyfrequentinthegravesofMeroiticFaras.Apreliminarynoteappearedin1966;1now,thereismuchtoadd,including(bythe
2、generosityofDrMariaDek6wnaandMmeHannaPaw-lowskaoftheInstituteoftheHistoryofMaterialCulture,PolishAcademyofSciences)analyseswhichintwocaseshintatacommonorigin.ButFarasandBritainareonlytheextremitiesofadistributionwhichproved,evenwhentheFarEastwasexcluded,2tocoveranimmenseareaandawiderangeof
3、time.Apar-ticularlyinterestingthreadistraceableforRomantimes,suggestiveofalinkwiththeMediterraneanviaeasternratherthanwesternEurope.ModeofManufactureThebeadsaredistinguishedfromothersegmentedvarietiesofthesamerangeofdate(afewblown),forthesehavenoincludedlayerofgoldorsilverfoil.Theformeroft
4、ensurvivesinpristinestate,beingabletowithstandoxidationthroughcracksintheglass.Thebeadsweremadefromsectionsoftube,gener-allycolourless,coveredinthefoilandthendippedintomoltenglassforprotec-tionandaddedbrilliancy.Sectionsofthecompositetubewerethenplacedonawire,andpinchedatintervalstoformthe
5、segments;insomecasestherewasafinalfire-polish.Whateverdamageordecaymayhavebeensuffered,the'double-shelled'construction(PL.XV,2)goesfartoidentifythetype,butnotentirely.3Alikecharacteristicisthenarrowingoftheperforationorcanalateitherend(FIG.I),whicharisesfromtheuseofawireofsmallerdiameterth
6、anthetubeduringsegmentation.Theobjectwasatfirsttoproducewell-finishedindividualbeads,whichweresometimesasmuchas15mmineitherdimension,andweresometimesofvaryingshape-besidestheplainspheroids,melons,1G.C.Boon,Bull.Bd.Celt.Stud.xxii(1966),104-9.2M.G.Dikshit,AncientIndiaviii(1952),57,N.India300
7、B.C.-A.D.750;later,A.Lamb,Journ.GlassStud.xiii(1965),93,Malaya;Amsterdamtrade-beadsincludedthetype,W.G.N.vanderSleen,AHandbookonBeads(Liege1967),IIo.Someofthisconstructionhavenofoil,notablyfromthelapodeancemeteries(note3i8below)kindlyexaminedbyDrMari6(inlitt.,
