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1、TheSkeletalSystem:Structure,Function,andDiseasesofthebonesandjointsIsthisthecorrectanatomicalposition?TheSkeletalSystemCopyright©2003PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasBenjaminCummingsPartsoftheskeletalsystemBones(skeleton)JointsCartilagesLigaments(bonetobo
2、ne)(tendon=bonetomuscle)DividedintotwodivisionsAxialskeletonAppendicularskeleton–limbsandgirdleFunctionsofBonesCopyright©2003PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasBenjaminCummingsSupportofthebodyProtectionofsoftorgansMovementduetoattachedskeletalmusclesStorage
3、ofmineralsandfatsBloodcellformationBonesoftheHumanBodyCopyright©2003PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasBenjaminCummingsTheskeletonhas206bonesTwobasictypesofbonetissueCompactboneHomogeneousSpongyboneSmallneedle-like piecesofboneManyopenspacesFigure5.2bMicros
4、copicAnatomyofBoneCopyright©2003PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasBenjaminCummingsFigure5.3Bonesareclassifiedbytheirshape:longshortflatirregularClassificationofBonesontheBasisofShapeCopyright©2003PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasBenjaminCummingsFigure5.1Cl
5、assificationofBonesCopyright©2003PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasBenjaminCummingsLongbonesTypicallylongerthanwideHaveashaftwithheadsatbothendsContainmostlycompactboneExamples:Femur,humerusGrossAnatomyofaLongBoneCopyright©2003PearsonEducation,Inc.publishi
6、ngasBenjaminCummingsDiaphysisShaftComposedofcompactboneEpiphysisEndsoftheboneComposedmostlyofspongyboneFigure5.2aStructuresofaLongBoneCopyright©2003PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasBenjaminCummingsPeriosteumOutsidecoveringofthediaphysisFibrousconnectiveti
7、ssuemembraneSharpey’sfibersSecureperiosteumtounderlyingboneArteriesSupplybonecellswithnutrientsFigure5.2cClassificationofBonesCopyright©2003PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasBenjaminCummingsShortbonesGenerallycube-shapeContainmostlyspongyboneExamples:Carpa
8、ls,tarsalsClassificationofBonesCopyright©2003PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasBenjaminCummingsFlatbonesThinandflattenedUsuallycurvedThinlayersofcompactbonearoundalayerofspongyboneExamples:Skull,ribs,sternumClassific
