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1、CurrentAnthropologyVolume58,Number1,February2017000AdaptationtoVariableEnvironments,ResiliencetoClimateChangeInvestigatingLand,WaterandSettlementinIndusNorthwestIndiabyCameronA.Petrie,RavindraN.Singh,JenniferBates,YamaDixit,CharlyA.I.French,DavidA.Hodell,PenelopeJ.Jones,CarlaLance
2、lotti,FrankLynam,SayantaniNeogi,ArunK.Pandey,DanikaParikh,VikasPawar,DavidI.Redhouse,andDheerendraP.SinghThispaperexploresthenatureanddynamicsofadaptationandresilienceinthefaceofadiverseandvariedenvi-ronmentalandecologicalcontextusingthecasestudyofSouthAsia’sIndusCivilization(ca.3
3、000–1300BC).Mostearlycomplexsocietiesdevelopedinregionswheretheclimaticparametersfacedbyancientsubsistencefarmerswerevariedbutrainfallsprimarilyinoneseason.Incontrast,theIndusCivilizationdevelopedinaspecificenvironmentalcontextthatspannedaverydistinctenvironmentalthreshold,wherewin
4、terandsummerrainfallsystemsoverlap.ThereisnowevidencetoshowthatthisregionwasdirectlysubjecttoclimatechangeduringtheperiodwhentheIndusCivilizationwasatitsheight(ca.2500–1900BC).TheIndusCivilization,therefore,providesauniqueopportunitytounderstandhowanancientsocietycopedwithdiversea
5、ndvariedecologiesandchangeinthefundamentalenvironmentalparameters.ThispaperintegratesresearchcarriedoutaspartoftheLand,WaterandSettlementprojectinnorthwestIndiabetween2007and2014.AlthoughcomingfromonlyoneoftheregionsoccupiedbyInduspopulations,thesedatanecessitatethereconsideration
6、ofseveralprevailingviewsabouttheIndusCivilizationasawholeandinvigoratediscussionabouthuman-environmentinteractionsandtheirrelationshiptoprocessesofculturaltransformation.AdaptingtoVariableEnvironments,BeingResilienthapsnosurprisethatthereisongoinginterestinthewaythattoChangingClim
7、ateshumanscausedand/orrespondedtoenvironmentalandeco-logicalchangeinthepast(Barnesetal.2013;Diamond2005;Giventheconsiderableimportanceofclimate,climatechange,StaubwasserandWeiss2006).Unquestionably,thereismuchandhuman/environmentrelationshipsinthepresent,itisper-tolearnfromthepast
8、aboutthesuccessorfailureofadap-C.
