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1、BiologicalPhysics:Energy,Information,LifePhilipNelson,www.physics.upenn.edu/∼pcn/WiththeassistanceofMarkoRadosavljevi´cc2000,2001,2002PhilipC.NelsonDraftDecember8,20022Notchaos-liketogethercrush’dandbruis’d,But,astheworld,harmoniouslyconfus’d:Whereorderinvarietywesee,And
2、where,thoughallthingsdiffer,allagree.–AlexanderPope,1713Frontispiece:DNAfromabacteriumthathasbeenlysed(burst),forexamplebyosmoticshock(12200×magnification).Thebacterialgenomethatonceoccupiedasmallregioninthecenterofthefigurenowextendsinaseriesofloopsfromthecorestructure(arro
3、w).From(Wolfe,1985).iAboutthismanuscript:Hereisthefirsthalfofthetext.(Thesecondhalfwillcomeinaboutamonth.)Thereissomegoodnewsandsomebadnews.Thegoodnewsisthatyourtextforthiscourseisfree,apartfromduplicationcosts.Thebadnewsisthatyouhavetohelpmewriteit.No,wait!That’sgoodnews:
4、Here’syourchancetotellanauthorwherealltheconfusingbitsare,whatthingsI’vewronglyassumedyoualreadyknow,whatquestionsarephrasedambiguously,andsoon.Pleasepassallthesecomments,andmore,ontomeviayourprofessor.PhilipNelson,12/02ContentsTothestudentviiiTotheinstructorxiiPartI:Myst
5、eries,Metaphors,Models11Whattheancientsknew21.1Heat.................................................21.1.1Heatisaformofenergy..................................31.1.2Justalittlehistory.....................................41.1.3Preview:Theconceptoffreeenergy................
6、...........61.2Howlifegeneratesorder......................................71.2.1Thepuzzleofbiologicalorder...............................71.2.2Aparadigmforfreeenergytransduction.........................101.3Excursion:Commercials,philosophy,pragmatics......................
7、..131.4Howtodobetteronexams(anddiscovernewphysicallaws).................151.4.1Dimensionsandunits...................................151.4.2Usingdimensionalanalysistocatcherrorsandrecalldefinitions............171.4.3Usingdimensionalanalysistoformulatehypotheses.............
8、.....181.4.4Somenotationalconventionsinvolvingfluxanddensity................191.5Otherkeyideasfro
