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1、物理化学公式集合kent第一章热力学第一定律一、基本概念系统与环境，状态与状态函数，广度性质与强度性质，过程与途径，热与功，内能与焓。二、基本定律热力学第一定律：ΔU=Q+W。焦耳实验：ΔU=f(T);ΔH=f(T)三、基本关系式1、体积功的计算δW=－pedV恒外压过程：W=－peΔV可逆过程：W=nRT2、热效应、焓等容热：QV=ΔU（封闭系统不作其他功）等压热：Qp=ΔH（封闭系统不作其他功）焓的定义：H=U+pV;dH=dU+d(pV)焓与温度的关系：ΔH=otherstaffoftheCentre.During
2、thewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationof
3、StateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand3、等压热容与等容热容热容定义：；定压热容与定容热容的关系：热容与温度的关系：Cp=a+bT+c’T2四、第一定律的应用1、理想气体状态变化等温过程：ΔU=0;ΔH=0;W=－Q=pedV等容过程：W=0;Q=ΔU=;ΔH=
4、等压过程：W=－peΔV;Q=ΔH=;ΔU=可逆绝热过程：Q=0;利用p1V1γ=p2V2γ求出T2,W=ΔU=;ΔH=不可逆绝热过程：Q=0;利用CV(T2-T1)=－pe(V2-V1)求出T2,W=ΔU=;ΔH=2、相变化可逆相变化：ΔH=Q=nΔ＿H；otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Star
5、tingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderof
6、theCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,MinistersandＷ＝－p(V2-V1)=－pVg=－nRT;ΔU=Q+W3、热化学物质的标准态；热化学方程式；盖斯定律；标准摩尔生成焓。摩尔反应热的求算：反应热与温度的关系—基尔霍夫定律：。第二章热力学第二定律一、基本概念自发过程与非自发过程二、热力学第二定律1、热力学第二定律的经典表述克劳修斯，开尔文，奥斯瓦尔德。实质：热功转换的不可逆性。2、热力学第二定律的数学表达式（克劳修斯不等式）“=”可逆；“＞”不可逆三、熵1、熵的导出：卡若循环与卡诺定
7、理otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNor
8、thwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeS
