医学课件中枢免疫器官（central lymphoid organ）

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1、InverseGrid2-6中枢免疫器官（Centrallymphoidorgan）骨髓和法氏囊（BoneMarrowandbursaofFabricius）胸腺（Thymus）AbilobbedprimarylymphoidorganthatisrequiredforthegenerationofimmunocompetentCD3CD4andCD3CD8cellsnecessaryforadaptiveimmuneresponse.2-6中枢免疫器官（Centrallymphoidorgan）骨髓和法氏囊（BoneMarrowandbursaofFabricius

2、）胸腺（Thymus）AbilobbedprimarylymphoidorganthatisrequiredforthegenerationofimmunocompetentCD3CD4andCD3CD8cellsnecessaryforadaptiveimmuneresponse.法氏囊（BursaofFabricius）BruceGlickandCharlieChang胸腺（Thymus）皮质：上皮性网状支架，发育早期胸腺细胞为主髓质：上皮性网状为主，少量胸腺细胞血-胸屏障：皮质毛细血管及其周围具有屏障作用功能：分泌多种激素，促进胸腺细胞分化年龄变化：新生儿胸腺相

3、对较大，至青春期达30-40克，此后胸腺开始萎缩。胸腺小叶中靠近边缘的皮质区密集地布满了胸腺细胞，靠近中心的髓质区则细胞稀少。胸腺为胸腺细胞的发育、成熟提供微环境。ThymicTissueArchitectureThethymusismadeupofvariouscelltypederivedfromdifferentorigin.Histologically,thethymushasthreedistinctcomponents:subcapsularcortex,cortexandmedulla.DevelopmentofTcellsorthymucytesare

4、foundembeddedinanepithelialnetworkknownasthymicstroma.ThethymicanlageprovidesaninductiveenvironmentthatallowsprecursorTcellstorapidlyexpandanddifferentiate.2-7外周淋巴器官（Peripherallymphoidorgan）粘膜相关淋巴系统（mucosa-associatedlymphoidsystem）脾脏（spleen）淋巴结（lymphnodes）扁桃体（tonsil）HEVarespecializedven

5、ulesfoundinlymphoidtissues.Lymphocytesmigratefrombloodintolymphoidtissuesbyattachingtoandmigratingacrossthehighendothelialcellsofthevessels.Highendothelialvenule，HEV（高内皮毛细血管后微静脉）初级淋巴小结（primaryfollicle）次级淋巴小结（secondaryfollicle）=生发中心（germinalcenter）Germinalcentersinsecondarylymphoidtissue

6、saresitesofintenseBcellproliferation,selection,anddeathduringAbresponses.GerminalcentersformaroundfolliculardendriticcellnetworkwhenactivatedBcellsmigrateintolymphoidfollicles.生发中心（germinalcenter）Lymphnodesareencapsulatedstricturesthatarestrategicallyplacedthroughoutthebodytoreceiveandf

7、ilterantigensandcellsfromperipheralinterstitialfluidandlymph.Alllymphnodeseventuallydrainintothethoracicductandbacktotheperipheralblood.淋巴结的基本结构HEV髓质淋巴窦皮质淋巴窦毛细血管小梁输入淋巴管输出淋巴管静脉动脉髓索生发中心髓质被膜淋巴结淋巴结被膜外侧有数条输入淋巴管，门处有动、静脉神经和输出淋巴管。实质分为皮质和髓质。靠近被膜的浅层皮质区有生发中心（左）。右图显示生发中心的显微结构。胸腺心脏脾初级淋巴结左锁骨